Historical records and modern scholars report, we have various ethnic groups on the Gaoshan have a preliminary understanding of marriage. However, the community is growing, some of the original marriage also began to change.
<br /> Gaoshan form of marriage monogamous, family outside marriage, prohibition of marriages between close relatives. Only the Paiwan people, Rukai's noble leader occasional habit of concubinage. The ethical and moral aspects of marriage are also strict requirements: prohibit concubines, or with his female adultery; wife are not allowed to illicit sexual relations with others. Marriage Most of the amount of free love as the basis. Age for marriage is not clearly defined, but men must pass before they can marry adult ceremony, the woman must be familiar with the life skills before marriage. This marriage is more reasonable, because only master life skills, to have life assurance, the composition of the family is stable.
Gaoshan form of marriage in all ethnic groups there are differences, and some still keep matriarchal marriage customs. Such as Ami, Puyuma people Uxorilocal popular marriage, that is, married men, the dual form of marriage.
Uxorilocal or call wife's family name, is a married man, home from his wife, the wife home production and labor, as his wife a member of the clan. Calculated from the matrilineal descent, women inherit.
This matriarchal practice outside of marriage, that men marry outside the clan to the woman as the main stay in the clan, Inheriting. This one's brothers and sisters belonging to different clans, so they re-emerged phenomenon of women over men, and Han Chinese customs are different. This form of marriage in the Pingpu also popular among the Han Chinese was the impact of Pingpu people were changed.
Married men will inevitably lead to a boy does not celebrate, then celebrate the phenomenon of female students, as the phenomenon of son preference is the same, the problems are due to family economic decisions. "Popular reborn woman, not born again men, men are the superfluous others, women were satisfied husband at home" (Lin Qian Light (Taiwan Chi omitted) phenomenon, determined man marry a woman's labor force, while the man's parents can not human maintenance. inherit family property by the women and men living in a secondary position, so there "when children drink early word from your mother has a son into a child Renyuan Yang. is not born again born again men and women, home is not of men with children" phenomenon.
With the development of society has become more and more rational form of marriage. Huang Shu? In (recorded in Taiwan to Cha) recorded: "A woman is uxorilocal husband, a man and woman were married. Uxorilocal men to more than listen, but support of young men and women are married end; women who listen to more than engaged to marry people, but young girls the son-in as the heir. "some" of its popular but long-married men and women at home, I was out the superfluous, "and some" lead men to marry women at home, ... ... room who also married a woman. "develop this Only a man or a woman to stay home for the aged parents to sleep that as many as a superfluous man, woman engaged to marry as many listening to people; some long-married men and women, some of young men and married women. Various ethnic groups differ. Atayal, Yami, Saisiyat people, Bunun, Cao people, Rukai people, and Pingpu Paiwan people, mostly women actually married. Where Ami and Puyuma people, both married men, married women also.
There is also a form of marriage service called marriage, that is, both men and women, married, if Party A to Party B, a Party member, a Labor Party lost. B within a certain period of time required to the Party to labor, to compensate for the loss. Ami matriarchal society, women in marriage to a man's home to work, including fetching water, sweeping, Tsuishine and so on. Cao who patriarchal society, men married to the father to help work at home, as little as one to two years, as many as five or six years ranging from birth to a child, to be able to return to their homes.
Cao people, the Bunun have so-called exchange of marriage is both men and women to marry each other to marry each other, people often Saisiyat husband's sister married to his wife's brother.
<br /> The process of marriage occurs in a marriage there are three stages: courtship, engagement, marriage.
Gaoshans various ethnic groups in the case of free love more common, although it is also free to choose, but the consent of parents and family elders, but also the parents to decide.
Pingpu men and women who love freedom, their parents encourage them to do so. "EGL know a little," a book written, Pingpu are "first and then marry welcome, do not accept recruits without matchmaker. Men, women and old, meaning gracious, then Kazushi Yan." Into the marriageable age of women, we can build an independent house, or live in public shrine dedicated woman. At night, the man began to blow the nose to the loved Xiao, playing the harmonica, blow mouth harp, or gifts of flowers and other things, enjoy pouring admiration for him. If the woman agreed, the parties began to free the Red Chamber, or even living together. And then tell their parents, agreed to re-do their wedding license procedures. Qing Yu's in the "Small Sea Journey" on this volume are written: "Women have a long, parents of other rooms in the home, young courtship by key to blowing the nose Xiao, playing the harmonica, the world of women and of that person and chaos, complete chaos that of last. for a long time for, women choose love upon is and Wan Shou, Wan Shou-ming Hsu private meaning also. "
Atayal, Ami, Puyuma also have the custom. Atayal?? Group initially told the woman to sell mouth harp, and then to the woman if the woman will return to play, they agreed, from sleeping with men and women can be, but need to stay with another woman. Taroko group of men and women meet on the road, if men can get it on the woman interested in women's jewelry, women who do not, you can recover, or expressed no opinion on, similar to rendezvous a few days in the Taroko slept subject to another man in the side. Puyuma community of men to marry him to the woman home with a bunch of betel nuts, and quietly on the chair the following women home, the woman returned to the man, man can once again give the woman, the woman replied, after deliberation to accept it or not. Ami strange secret society, and too keen to marry a man society, first speech nut and tobacco donate loved one, go to female family night playing the mouth harp, woman, if agreed to open the window, so that man entered with the same quilt. The beauty of Hualien Qilai A man propose, is to more than one meter long pipe cents on fuelwood and Tan female house, the woman admitted that the meaning of that promise. Ami also have women in person to the groom, the keepsake to someone special. There is also a test of physical strength, men marry way Ami and Paiwan men, if one more man, also spotting a woman, then they have to cut into the mountains competition Acacia wood, and back to the woman home to who load up, the fastest is the winner.
Engagement, in fact, is to announce fait accompli. The most important thing is to send the dowry.
Pingpu people's engagement and no ceremony, only the men sent by the betel nut, cloth, green and red cloth. Headband, glutinous rice, raw venison, pork, sea clams, copper and iron bracelets, silver tin rings, beads, spirals and other gifts. But not all, but by the economic situation of ethnic groups can get a few of them, so, this bride price is only symbolic. Pingpu people have the custom of betrothal since childhood. According to Huang Shu? "Taiwan to hew record" record: "childhood engagement with the spiral, name 'Ali palpable', and fifteen-years-old, female home meal delivery and groom, the groom Yi Ru. Set the wedding, Fan media in five even lead to their husband at home, reported the pro-dawn, feast Cheng He. "and a" pulling teeth "the custom of engagement, according to Yu's in the" Small Sea Travel Notes, "recorded:" Dr. Wan Shou juvenile to the hammer next to the maxillary incisors bidentate granted women, women pay for men and also drilled two teeth, a day of marriage on the women's room. "pulling teeth give each other, each collection, this is a sign of a married, also marks an end to free association of men and women determine the marriage stability.
Ami more formal engagement, usually a man with the woman home to her parents marry, the woman's mother, brother and obtain the consent of her husband, please matchmaker to marry the man. Verbal consent of the husband, women need to dress to the groom to work, including sweeping, fetching water, Tsuishine so, about a month. The groom decided to make marriage by the man's mother told the woman: "You can go back and prepare for the wedding." Women go home and tell their parents prepare for the wedding, service also stopped. Both men and women are invited to clan drinking, announced their engagement.
Saisiyat people, Bunun, Cao's marriage by the parents and family elders Zhuhun not complete freedom of marriage. Some engaged in less than a marriageable age was when. Saisiyat people have pulp as marriage; Yami women age 14 have a fiance; Cao four-year-old boys were up by parents to provide parents a; Ami among men 14-year-old, eight-year-old woman to become a couple, billed by the man selling piano night, sneaked into the bedroom, but not deviant.
Paiwan people Machia community engagement ceremony and sentimental, female house wine and swing in the pre-trial preparation, seeking men who accompanied with wine bread to the women home, woman sitting on the swing, the man pushed her. To swing Dangqi. Family of guests came for dinner, banquet began, song and laughter, it is lively. Hand circle of the women, men and women in the central dance, drink. Matchmaker see both men and women fall in love, with her parents agreed on the dowry, female family one by one point by the investigation, prepare wine prepare for the wedding. Sending firewood groom before marriage, men, women took the opportunity to go home to swing the game, deepen feelings before marriage.
Puyuma people's engagement rather special gift is to send three to five male and female clothing of a betel nut, women wine and meat prepared at home reception. Female home in the evening standing outside the woman's mother to son admitted to hospital, Central put a bunch of nut let him eat, and the door closed, only open five more cock so that son into the house and sleeping with women. To dawn, the man had got up and returned to the youth rally the next day, the middle of the night went to women's room. After months of repeated, until the woman was pregnant formally married into. This is the home of the custom door look.
Ami is also the first among some ethnic groups are living together potential window, and then the wedding.
Bunun marital satisfaction of both parties for not have special treatment. Community engagement, such as cards, the woman on the other side are not satisfied, the men and convenient surprise, forced hijacked, looted away the bride and female family dinner the next day will drink. If the bride loved the man, while the woman's parents and brother against, often fighting on settlement woman's parents, groom's brother, if defeated, can be successfully married.
Wedding for Gaoshan is a very important day, as festive as the whole tribe of people come to congratulate, dancing, drinking, all night long, very busy.
Pingpu both men and women who asked to be prepared the wedding feast, banquet tribe, also came to congratulate each household, dancing, unprecedented. "EGL know a little" records: "Session of men and women both, each offerings Life with Yi, lead men to marry women at home, drinking news agency said the celebration. Burglary, who is also married women, the public will be invited to drink, and son-in with. "married three days later, the new daughter-in-home dinner with my aunt returned to her mother. Female home with song and dance celebration, married women dress up, join hands and pull into the circle, move the body swing, lead singing voice, and answer each other, shaking his head with eyes closed, very involved. Relatives at the dinner, some ethnic groups, in addition to slaying oxen, other than killing pigs, but also the "millet as wheat, shaped like a baby, take Ye Zhaoxiong roots meaning. Couple together, white, easily."
Similarly, the Paiwan people bustling grand wedding, is different in dancing, festivities celebrating the same time, the bride into hiding to escape to the mountains or Cheyebugui, so the groom around to look. This custom is a relic left by predatory marriage. Wedding day, young men and women within the community gathered in the bride's home dance. That night, the bride, accompanied by his girlfriend to the leader shall be one wife at home crying, clean the body will lose the "sad" mood. When the groom saw the bride, you want to kiss the bride, the bride and the relatives or companions fled to the mountains. And other friends to take the bride and groom with the bride and groom's good friend from back home of the bride back, this time the bride had to cry out loud, do struggle like that with the bride before marriage from a man who cut off from exchanges. The next night, then home of the bride and groom, the bride made to close the action. Stampede the bride, the groom's friends and then go find the back of the bride back home. Repeat this three times. The fourth night, the bride back to the vines sewn in volume, so the bride and groom with the pillow, the groom with a knife cut cane formed only husband and wife. Fifth day, the groom with the bride price matchmaker to send women home, put the woman at home all kinds of gifts given to relatives, and gifts to the groom who also donated furniture, decorations. Sixth day, the groom, relatives, matchmaker and saddled with the young bride and groom return home. The way the bride should not stop crying.
Paiwan people of other ethnic groups have similar marriage customs. If Machia Club, German Club, Laval group, Brewer group Manu Lu raft Bay Community Association and the next and so on.
Machia society wedding is the groom to the bride's family to do the swing of the game, wait until the guests in place, singing and dancing feast finished, men and women sit separately, men and singing women cry, repeated several times, the bride can not stand, then turned and fled into the mountains, Cheyebugui. Chase the groom to find out the next day, the bride and groom and friends to find and return her back to her parents, everyone once again celebrate the feast, the bride and groom that night with the quilt a while, then go home brewing. On the third day, the man sent the dowry to the woman, and invites the woman family feast. Fourth day of the bride and groom come home with the quilt, the fifth day before the morning together with the bride home.
German clubs have the same ritual, but men and women crying to singing late at night, the groom and her boyfriend and the woman they happen "melee", the groom's friends will back out of his house bride Sheng Luan, her arrows, her right hand holding the rocket ride In the original seat, to continue to sing farewell to dawn only scattered. Repeat this three day and night, the bride from the right shoulder to right hip, left shoulder to left hip the Phi "Pembroke" 1, beam in the waist, playing a 56 end at both ends. Girlfriend two or three people singing and dancing, kneeling on the ground, put his hands in the air in front of the ground after a circular motion to move around. Bride and groom's friends took the opportunity to gradually unlock the belt, the last resort to solving two knot knot, until the belt off, the groom will Koshimaki away, but the bride's hard to resist, eventually tearing it with the coverlet. Since then, the groom in the bride's home after working for two months or two years to bring the bride home.
Laval group of women began to cry from that marriage is more than, and running for cover, the groom and the girl home after fighting to find the bride and make her squat on the ground and sent back home girl. Then the bride and groom go-between for the nose-line access, and tightening of the bride pants. The bride and the groom places the same, but the groom can not be solved. To wait for the next day to send a large spiral companion, by the companion untied Ku Feng; or other wedding ceremony is completed, completed gift to friends and family gifts, the groom were the bridal chamber, so that after the bride's hand iron, to favors from the bride .
Manu Lu society bride dressed in tight pants seam, fled out of hiding, is the man recovered, the bride refused to hold stump into the room, we were forced to pull her room, the matchmaker for the bride and groom line access After the ceremony, Li and across the nose by the groom solution Ku Feng. At this time the bride was shouting: "I do not want to become old", and were crying, companion strong console, the newly married couples only with the coverlet.
Patrilineal system Rukai people have similar customs. If large Nanshe wedding, the bride to the groom, after welcoming the bride and groom exit side by side with corn ear. Female relatives and friends went to parties at home, the same double side by side with corn ear. Then entertain visitors, guests unison parting song, the bride will take the opportunity to use the rope tied his legs Xiezhu clothes squatting in the corner, the groom's friends to see, the use of blankets to wrap the bride, to vote for the groom, the groom untie blankets, the knife cut the rope, the end of the wedding be considered, it is also a legacy of predatory marriage.
Bunun community wedding Dan strange way, when the man home to do a very auspicious dreams before the whole family to prepare wine and meat rate of female home-style surprise attack to plunder the bride and back, recover to face the woman, the use of Wrestling the way determine the winner.
Divorce and remarriage <br /> have a marriage of divorce and remarriage, Gaoshan no exception.
Grounds for divorce is very simple, only two, one fornication, and the other is the emotional discord.
Although the premarital behaviors of various ethnic groups Gaoshan not most interference, interaction between men and women are free, but once married, the behavior between men and women must be careful, or face sanctions.
Atayal people find fornication person, often by the husband to kill his wife, even the chiefs and their relatives intrigue, the masses not to be missed. According to the 1972 edition compiled by the Taiwan Provincial Documents Editorial Board "Gazetteer of Taiwan Province" records: "Guangxu 18 years Sulu Tribe sand Beitou community group leader, because there is no change to encroach on young girls and the like Quan, community public agreement shot of; Guangxu years a woman fog Community Kanan social behavior obscene, makes the women who rattan cage loaded into LTK torrent; Peitou Law Uk Buge community group leader and the sister, though already engagement, however with his men and people from the plains multiple adultery, promiscuous behavior, social public investment Ta after the resolution of slaughter. "
Cao in dealing with the results of adultery after marriage, is divorce. Headman initially reprimanded fornication men and women, and to seize the adulterer hair in the back, with a branch tap adulteress the buttocks, and then pay adulteress and her husband re-play the whole body, until someone intercede up, and then divorce.
Ami divorce can be made both men and women, scholars will be summarized in six female, five male. Four of the same: that adultery and did not, no children, vicious disease. The difference is that the woman also made two: idleness, theft; man made one is ill. Women's divorce means there are four: First wife and mother to son to go home; Second, the man working returned, his wife does not give him dinner; third husband to work, the wife does not give him to prepare betel nut, tobacco; Fourth tell her husband to go back to live with relatives. Husband for divorce is more simple, just do not tell his wife to return to their homes, and then he asked for a divorce negotiations. The initiative of the party conference of clan kinship recruiting required after a decision by the clan elders to negotiate the other relatives put forward to require compensation trouble.
Gaoshan men and women are free to remarry after divorce. However, there is a sequence of remarried remarry. If the two sides agreed to divorce, to marry the first man and women marry later; husband for a divorce, the woman first married, the husband can marry; wife for a divorce, to marry the first man, the woman can get married. Otherwise the property must be punished. Order to strictly abide by these remarriage, which is to safeguard the implementation of all provisions of Serbs.
The behavior of those who have divorced under the supervision of the tribe, if any violation of the community to impose sanctions. Huang Shu? The "Taiwan Strait to hew record" records: "couple with from day to let go. Man does not marry, not marry. Who first married a fine ranging from beef line is." Some also impose fines or wine. The re-marriage fight with his ex-wife or former husband's family break off contacts.
Remarry if widowed, to be in mourning after the expiration. Mourning marriage of stopping all the time in varying lengths, some a month or months, some six months or a year and three years. Provisions of the Atayal widow marriage ban for a year her husband, a widower, is only three months after the mourning for the deceased wife, you can remarry. Saisiyat provides widows and widowers who have married for three years for the dead man stopped, the widow to return to her parents, and then remarry. Ami and widowers can remarry Qi Mei. The CAO's Card that Bua group, if the man had a 50, women over 45 had a spouse, in principle, be able to remarry, because now no longer fertile.
