Taiwan is China one of the most densely populated provinces, as of August 1998, according to statistics, has reached 21.81 million people, plus Kinmen, Matsu's population, a total of 21.86 million people. The average population growth rate of about 7.31 ‰. 586.83 people per square kilometer. Taipei's population density has reached 1 million per square kilometer. Population density of more than Guangdong, and Sichuan provinces.
Taiwan's population distribution is characterized by sparse West Middle East, the island population concentrated in the western plains. A total of 17 counties in Western Plain (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Keelung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Chiayi, Tainan seven cities and Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung County, 10), an area of 18710 square kilometers, accounting for 52% of the island area; while the population accounted for 86.1% of the total population of the island. Mostly central and eastern hills and mountains, a total of five counties (Nantou, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien, Ilan), an area of 17063 square kilometers, accounting for about 48% of the island area, the population only island population 13.9%.
Most of the Han Chinese of Taiwan compatriots. About 98% of the provincial population. Before 1946, about 80% of them native of Fujian, in which Zhang (state), spring (state) people up; about 20% of the native of Guangdong, to Mei (county), Tide (state) people up. Southern Fujian province so common. 1949 to Taiwan from mainland China since the people are the provinces have. 2% minority population, about 40 million.
Taiwan's aborigines are divided into plains and Gaoshan. Plains are divided into hard clams, Ketagalan, Taokas, making the sea, bus pull Po La, Ba Busa, Hongya, Siraya other eight families. Distributed in northern and western plains and coastal areas. Han Ming and Qing Dynasties of China moved to Taiwan, many living in the western plains and the eastern, northern, southern coastal plains, and plains mixed. Plains has been integrated with the Han, life and culture are close to Han. According to the statistics: there are 62119 people in 1943, plains, 80 years approximately 10 million people.
Gaoshan points Atayal Tribe, Bunun, Cao, Paiwan, Rukai, Puyuma, Ami, Yami and other clan, who live mainly in the central mountain area and Taitung Longitudinal Valley area and Orchid Island. In which Amis's most populous, with 108112 people in 1976, the total population, 38.28 percent, followed by the Atayal 64080 people, of the total population of 22.69%.
After the KMT fled to Taiwan aborigines Gaoshan renamed, into the peaceful mountain aborigines aborigines. Mountain aborigines living in the mountains including the Atayal, Bunun, Paiwan, Rukai and other nationalities, and some of the Saisiyat and Ami, the population of 30 million people in 12 counties, 30 mountain villages, 214 villages, 576 tribes. Living in the flat plains aborigines, including Amis, Puyuma, Saisiyat and some Atayal, Paiwan, Rukai, Bunun, Cao and other nationalities, a population of about 30000 people. According to 1978 statistics, forestry, fishing, animal husbandry and mountain aboriginal hunting in a self-cultivated land, agriculture and forestry livestock industry revenue is only 29% of total revenue, had engaged in industrial and mining of heavy physical labor to support themselves.
Gaoshan Aboriginal belong to the Malay, Polynesian race, but throughout the speech, social organization and material life are all very different. For example, Bunun maintain strict patriarchal society, Ami is a typical matriarchal society.
1, Ami population 11.37 million, accounting for 37.9% of the number of Gaoshan all, is the largest Gaoshan in a population. Living in 109 villages located in the east of the Central Mountain Range, north of Hualien, Taitung, south along the coast and along the Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain. The total family is divided three small groups: North Amis living in Hualien County Hualien City, Metro, Jian, Ting Feng, recovery, Fenglin other towns. In Amis's Mizuho living in Hualien County, Fuli, Yuli and Taitung County's East River, Ikegami, Long Bin, Guan Shan, Taitung, success of township. South Amis living in Taitung County and Pingtung County Peinan Peony, Manchuria and other towns. The salient features of social life for the matrilineal system of marriage, man redundant system, parents rights in the women's hands. Cultural practices by the Han Chinese and Atayal, Bunun, Puyuma effect, thus the high standard of living than other minorities.
Second, the Atayal population over 64000, accounting for 23.5% of the total population Gaoshan, is the second largest ethnic group in Gaoshan. 120 villages of residence, originally living in Taiwan's western plains, a consequence of environmental pressures and gradually move mountains, mainly in the northern half of Taiwan, such as Wulai Township, Taipei County, Taoyuan County, Fusing Township, Hsinchu County Chienshih Township, five front Township, Taian Township, Miaoli County, Taichung County, Heping Township, Nantou County's Jenai Township, Xinyi Township, Hualien County's Hsiulin Township, Ilan County, the big fellow, the South Australian Rural Township. The population is divided Atayal and the two sub-ethnic groups besides the nine. Tai Yaya Fort ethnic group was divided into the West to live, large families Kan group, the Great Lakes group, Western Cape Lick group; Saidekeya family also divided eastern and western communities. The family are in Beijing area, the custom of tattooing. Good hunting men and women of good textile, transportation home from the husband.
Third, Paiwan population over 55000, living in 160 villages, many live in the foothills of the original area, then moved to live mountain. Its distribution area, north Tawu Mountain, south of Hengchun, west Ailiao, Fang Liu line, east to the south of marijuana in a triangular area, were scattered in three places, Pingtung County, MA home, Yasutake, to Yi, spring, lion, peony and Taitung County Jinfeng, Darren, marijuana, the big wu Township. The Paiwan tribe is divided into two sub-clan and Taluotaluo, the former living in the family distribution of the central part, has a strong national identity. To the Central Mountain Range is divided into two small things that family, which lives along the east coast, is also divided into East Coast and 巴里拉利奥 two small communities. The population of civilians, nobility and other classes of points. Children in the home for the elderly inherited power. The more developed craft. Is one of Gaoshan populations.
4, Bunun population over 30000, distributed in 60 villages north of the original place of residence in Yushan, the Central Mountain Range to the west of high and steep mountain, after the Taitung, Kaohsiung direction of movement. Now mainly live in Nantou County, love, faith Township, Kaohsiung County, San Min, Taoyuan, Maolin Township, Taitung County Haiduan, Yanping Township, off Town, Hualien County Wanrong, Jhuosi, Yuli Town, and so on. Under the general population in three small groups: North of the Bunun tribe located in the central mountain range Xilu. Bunun located in Kaohsiung County. South farm families scattered in Taitung Hualien. Weaving, basketry, leather, ceramics, more developed technology. Patriarchal clan system of social life, marriage, wife from husband, children from the father, the woman at home, have a status. Is one of Gaoshan populations.
5, Puyuma population of about 7, more than 1000, separated in 8 villages, legends of the tribe originated near Taitung Banabana map. Owners who have Taitung Plain. Mainly in the south Peinan, Benxi, north of the coastal area known, place of residence is Peinan Taitung County, Jinfeng, Darren and other township. In the past and Rukai, Paiwan as a people, and in 1954 recognized as a separate ethnic group. The right of succession by the eldest daughter, family, family life and emphasis on the mother, is an ethnic Gaoshan.
6, an ethnic Rukai Gaoshan. More than 6300 people living in 20 villages, located in Alishan, a new mountain to the south of the mountain north of human disturbance, including the Ping River upstream LTK, Ailiao and central mountains east of Big South River basin, now lives in Pingtung County, three, Wutai, Maolin, Kaohsiung County, Taitung County Puyuma Township, Wutai Township, of which the most concentrated. The family living habits and Paiwan same, they live Dan Banfang to clay pots, material beads, sculpture, tattoo famous. Have classes and social life. Members of each generation only allow a spouse exists, the power by the long succession of men, after death by burial sideways, until the burial. Language, culture, influenced by the Bunun tribe.
7, one Tsou Gaoshan populations. Tsou, also known as "Tsao", population 3000 people living in 12 villages. The original distribution to the Ta Dasi, Taoyuan County area, now settled in Wufeng Township, Hsinchu County, Miaoli County Green Fields, Lion Lake Township and other places. The family is divided north and Nan Saixia Saisiyat two small groups, within groups, rows from the parent home, his wife with the husband's line, constant generation of cohabitation, with the generation of a pair of spouses not to be limited. Dwarf festival held every two years.
8, one of Yami Gaoshan ethnic population of 2500 people living in six villages; Lanyu Island, Taitung County, located in the coastal zone is the only fishing and hunting Gaoshan nationality, language, almost the northern part of Pakistan and the Philippines Dan masses consistent with the residents. Mainly agricultural planting taro, technology in ceramics, shipbuilding, manufacturing of silver is more famous. Core family-based social life, the peace-loving nation, there is no search and other habits.
9, Saisiyat Saisiyat nine ethnic groups in Taiwan is a family of small population, only 4500 people, though small in numbers, but the population of etiquette and respect elders of the concept is still very strong, particularly every two years one of the short spirit and continues to this day, hundreds of years without dropping out, passing short spiritual rituals of primitive culture. Bay due to ancient ethnic compatriots of discrimination and oppression of the ruling class, its economic and cultural development, has long been blocked. Gaoshans compatriots so far in some areas still live farm, hunting life. Gaoshan fellow hard-working, uninhibited, sing and dance. Has a unique national style "pestle Dance", syllable sonorous, beautiful.
Taiwan residents are quite common religion, including Buddhism, Taoism followers largest provincial population of 1 / 3. Catholic, Christian second place, accounting for 3% of the province's population. There are also some residents believe in Islam, Tenrikyo, Xuanyuan education, Datong teaching, management education and so on. White Lotus in private there, save the world religion, has constantly vacuum to teach other kinds of secret societies, organizations. Gaoshan also retain some primitive religion. Many types of churches and temples across the province, the average per 4.5 square kilometers have a nearly 1 times the total number of types of schools.
Taiwan's Mandarin is very popular, not only is the official language in society has also become common language. But in private, widely used is the "Holo words" that Taiwan's Minnan dialect. The early Chinese immigrants came mainly from southern Fujian, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in particular. They live together in Taiwan, the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou audio sound gradually forming a "non-Zhangzhou not spring" of the Minnan dialect, that Hoklo words. It absorbed some of Gaoshan language and Japanese vocabulary and grammar, so Hoklo and Fujian Minnan dialect words have been somewhat different.
Hakka immigrants from Guangdong province, three districts, there are three types of Hakka language group, the "four counties" (Hing Ning the Old Jiaying, five Chinese, Ping Yuan, the four counties use Jiaoling Hakka) . "Raoping" (belonging to the old House of Raoping Chaozhou area used by Hakka).
Gaoshan have their own language, but no written languages. Some peoples have a similar basic vocabulary, but are mutually unintelligible. They belong to the Austronesian language, also known as the Indonesian language. Can be divided into three major language groups, namely:
1) Atayal language groups: including the Atayal language, besides the nine languages.
(2) Cao language groups include: Cao words, cards that cloth language.
(3) Paiwan language groups: including the Paiwan language, spoken Rukai, Puyuma, Amis, Bunun language, Saisiyat, Yami language. Gaoshan voice sound system, all have а, i, u, e, o five vowels, consonants ranging from 20-23 months.
