Multi-band set of clothes. Drift inevitably, "Shi Shen," there is no dry clothes for after landing is very difficult to bear. Do not wear leather shoes to participate in rafting, flat-bottomed slippers, plastic sandals and sneakers can be. Bad weather, cold water, good drying weather, water, pay attention to cold sun. The clothing is too expensive for shoes is best not to drift.
Water not to do dangerous actions. In general, river rafting are relatively safe, as long as no decisions on their own casual tourists disembark, not roughhouse with each other and not take the initiative to grab objects floating in the water and the shore vegetation stone, floating raft will not be turned. Once the "capsize" also does not matter, Biezhu gas, be careful not to choke the water on the line, because the life jacket will allow the most fat fat float, keep in mind the safety of tourists of the "Guiding drift" - Water staff will be immediately rushed to your side.
On the raft with only drinking water. Mobile phones, paging, documents and cash ... ... things that are not afraid of the water into the water. In fact, in addition to a bottle of water (thirst will be drifting for a while), it is best not to take other things into the water. Cameras, watches out the story of water attractions in each occurred.
Make full use of the services provided. Into the water before, tour guides talk about attention to matters must pay attention to listen to; water, if you water well, as close as possible guided float member. Members are familiar with the situation drift channel guide, boat technology, Ye Hao, in the effort when you do not even pulling your boat away.
There is one thing parents need to know: the children do not drift too small, will swim no good. The mountain rivers are complicated, full of rapids, not sensible or tamper with the children on board is very dangerous.
Floating Safety Manual
Longitudinal paddle boat parade fighting the rapids, drift Yanxi down, the open water when the river had a more moderate, Feel relaxed wave the paddle, take a look at the rise of the surrounding landscape, but when you encounter rapids, we need a concerted effort, using the kinds of skills the same boat ride, but the essence of drifting, also reflected in this of the.
Security over rapids
Reach dangerous shoals, it may first predict the general direction of down the river; then greeted everyone close oars, will recover Tingnei feet close together, his hands grasp the guards on the boat along the rope, the body stoop low, do not stand up stand up, hold boat body remained stable center of gravity in general can be weathered.
Swirl out
River flow deeper, often they will swirl, this time should try to avoid being involved in the by-pass by. If you are involved in the case, to keep calm, let the boat down the whirl flow rotating, etc. go to swirl outside, everyone can be fully rowing out of its predicament.
Collision avoidance
To maintain stability and prevent a collision is drifting in the course abide by principles. It is inevitable when the body to control the boat hit the angle of the front-ying (side collision prone to capsize), personnel pay close attention to the rope. After the boat collision body parallel with the shore, this time on this side of the crew should pay attention to avoid clip close foot injury. Sometimes, between the boat and the boat will be very close by, in order to avoid collision between the two sides should go in the opposite direction with the paddle or the open boat arrived.
Stranded
Stone-intensive Department, narrow waterways, shallow water depth, flow changed urgently, it is prone to stranding. At this point do not panic, available paddle withstood stones, forced to leave the stranded at Ting Shen. If this move ineffective, we should send into the water, from the lateral or pull or Tuirangtingshen re-entry flow, while the sharp-eyed will have to pull the boat people, pay attention to safety.
Fell into the water
10000 accidentally fell into the water, do not panic, life jackets buoyancy of people care enough to float on the water, while the boat out rowing on the companion should be rescued from the river climbed to grasp. If, when rescued from the river far from the Xiangpi Zhou, find ways to shore or stay back in the stone surface (positive side currents are strong and easy to hit by rubber boats) waiting to be rescued.
Capsize
Capsize-prone areas in the fast-flowing, often because someone fell into the water caused by boats center of gravity. Should remain calm after the capsize, first Tingshen righting; re-board the boat when the attention of both sides of the force balance, the side of the boat when the officers to climb up the other side that there should be suppressed. Falling oars should promptly pick up, or else to the slow flow zone can only be hand-drawn water.
Chamber rupture
This is the worst situation. At this point the crew of the boat to adjust the location of the location of rupture of air chamber will not sit people; try to maintain the stability and rubber boats to dock waiting to be rescued.
Floating Note
★ Do not do dangerous drift Action: Generally speaking, river rafting are relatively safe, as long as no decisions on their own random disembark, do not roughhouse with each other and not take the initiative to grab objects floating in the water and the shore vegetation stone, floating raft will not turn. Once the "capsize" also does not matter, Biezhu gas, be careful not to choke the water on the line, because you wear a life jacket;
★ drift boat through the rapids when the boatmen have to listen to the command, it should not tamper with, to be clutching the safety rope to tighten the legs, the body tilted to the central hull;
★ drifting from place to pay attention to the arrow and the logo along the way, it can help you find the main channel and the advance guard down Water District.
Drift is not a desperate
Experienced oar every corner of the river or the rapids in front, there will always stare at the river careful observation, which is called "Reading" river. In the rapids where the water and waves are high, the many reefs. "Reading" river is to find those hidden traps, and find an optimal channel through the rapids. To find out how the formation of rapids on the sailing and what are the risks, we should first find out a few basic patterns of water flow.
Rapids of the tongue - when the river downward-sloping, calm water appear white spray, rafting is usually the deepest in the central part of the river bed where the fastest velocity. The two sides keep to the side and slightly shallow place, blocked the river flow decreases, thus the formation of the intermediate water flow faster phenomenon. Also, more powerful center fast flow, and further washed away sand stones, clearing of obstacles and barriers and form a "V"-shaped tongue, "V" word at least point to the top of the barrier is usually the minimum resistance channel.
Dao Juan Lang - fully exposed rock surface easy to find, but some hidden in the hidden underwater reef tricky. When the water over the top of the reef, back reef import open flow (sealing) is used. The formation of a reverse flow of the river (to the upstream direction of flow). This phenomenon is called Daojuan waves, half hidden in the rocks at the downstream. When the reef in just under the surface, due to not see the water droplets from the upstream direction is difficult to find. Should pay attention to the more quiet parts of rapids, as underwater reef will divert rapids, but the surface of water over the reef can not afford to spray in parallel. If the landing observation, you can see from the downstream direction, when Daojuan waves is obvious. Some surf reef has been covered, we must continue to concentrate on observation before they can see that. As if a large rock hidden deep in its lower reaches have a greater Daojuan waves, often called the "hole." This "hole" is often a great strength, can be easily overturned the boat. Some of the "hole" like a toilet, once strayed into them, as if by gravitational Xi Zhu, such as gyroscope-like spin, for a long time stuck inside. Therefore, to spare no effort to avoid.
Standing wave - the river bed in the steep decline in the flow faster in the more gentle on the slower flow in the riverbed. When the flow velocity encountered by fast currents slow water flow, water flow can not be discharged in a timely manner, they will pile up waves waves stacked to form a high vertical wave. Standing waves the size and quantity of water and drop the. Standing waves in general will not cause problems. If the standing wave is high, but steep, the best way is to align the bow wave, direct ride in the past. This magnificent waves in the stormy sea in the walk through, feeling very enjoyable. If the standing wave looks very steep, it is very likely to capsize in. Should be chosen from the edge in part through the waves. Because the marginal part of the point of view is often more moderate, height lower. But first of all should be recognized as standing waves or underwater reef. Underwater reef in the Rapids will be crossed when the big waves stirred up the sky. Just rocks scattered waves stirred up missing, while the upright while it is very regular waves.
Turn - usually, the deepest and fastest flow of water in the corner of the heretics. River trend is turning the boat into the heretics, it is more of reefs and other dangerous places. General requirements necessary to ship was turning a corner to adjust the 45-degree angle, and maintained at Lane Road location. If necessary, use the power of water can be more easily drawn up into the outside lane. However, if you want to look inside from the outside lane designated Tao is very difficult, because the river to overcome all the obstacles.
Whirl of water - in the prominent part of the reef behind the back or sides, the river flows with the mainstream In contrast, the upstream direction of flow, which is called whirl of water. The corner where the river flows, also known as Open Road whirl of water, although here the direction of the water does not flow upstream, in the mainstream and whirl of places where the water staggered whirl waterline, also known as the whirl of water gate. This whirl the water gate is very high-handed, inexperienced novice can not tell, will not use the power of two shares of water, then there might be tied up a few hours and the designated not come out, walk around in the whirl in the water fight. In addition, the need for special attention, in the whirl waterline Department has two different directions of flow in the fighting encountered strong whirl waterline, if inadvertently will be flat "land" capsize. Whirl of water on boats that are very useful, can whirl of water to stop for shore, reconnaissance whitewater rapids, the establishment of rescue point, waiting behind the companion and so on, but those rotating vortex-shaped whirl of water should pay attention to avoid.
"Reading" River is not a science, there are no precise formula of the theorem. Necessary to "read" River is used as an art to look at. In the reef with the waves, eddy current and the "hole" trap filled with the composition of the rapids are also not too clearly marked. Rower can only use their experience in the whitewater rapids in the channel to draw an imaginary, and strive along this passage through the danger zone. In addition, the whitewater rapids from a horizontal view with the view from the shore is not the same. Therefore, an experienced rower in the "read" when he established an alternative to the lack of access to the original route would not be running around in circles.
"Reading" river, such as reading, do not care about the literal, the real meaning to read between the lines to try to figure out. "Reading" river that does not River, in the river outside.
Drifting Equipment
Rafting is an adventure, but certainly not your life. The necessary rafting gear is that you engage in this premise of outdoor leisure activities, especially in the more trouble the rivers. Drift method, utensils so we introduce here only some single-drift gear.
Waterproof jacket: In case of drift were wet and cold conditions, wear sportswear is sufficient. With a good waterproof jacket, you can not spill from the river into the cold water intrusion. This T-shirt using the crude fiber and solid latex canvas to keep out the cold.
Drifting gloves: In addition to the hot weather, gloves are usually welcomed by those who are subject to drift. Make a good glove hand warm, not blisters, while making more vigorous rowing.
Backpack: You should choose for a paddle or without paddle rafting expeditions are extremely desirable, both to keep the bag dry goods, but also a convenient shoulder strap and hand-made in the short Eurya land or back pack or carrying easy.
Water Sports Helmet: For the whitewater adventure, the high-quality helmets are very necessary, could serve to ensure physical security.
Heal Package: For short trips, this package can be mounted where a large number of items which are not accounted for, but also can package items will not be water-wet.
Drifting Boots: 3 mm thick neoprene rubber boots to help cushion your feet, even in the frozen water also can be fully warm, and wear of the soles feet of rock on the ground can be protected.
Dagul (Dagger) walk around boat: this special fun games also have some exciting players ship is drifting, drifting like a novice or professional difficulty for beginners designed suitable for rotating, surfing, and somersault.
Life jacket: jacket features are the same, but the comfort of this important indicator varies. As the shoulders, waist and on both sides are adjustable, axillary openings relaxed, sapo, comfortable life jackets.
Al (Aire) Eskimo-style inflatable canoe: Al is a world-renowned master inflatable rafts drifting. Al companies to improve their traditional drifting raft, from the stern to the bow, gradually narrowing the structure help to overcome the air resistance, ride the waves to speed up and strengthen a sense of the speed. Small raft light weight, easy to carry.
Werner (Werner) Cross-Propeller: This easy-to-storage of the removable paddle, whether in the thrill of whitewater or in a leisurely lake can provide enough power, and price concessions, is also very suitable for beginners.
NSR Eskimo-style inflatable canoe: This is less than 3-meter-long Do not sweet little guy named ducks, the most suitable for beginners, its excellent stability in the water in the cave and the crest on the responsive.
Drifting Skills
In the past few years, jet aircraft and speaking explorers paddle in planning the technology have increased. Although the principle of the same, but technology is a result of two kinds of craft vary by boat: Single paddle boats and row boat propeller. Single paddle boat is equipped with a fixed frame and a row of oars, boats operated by one person. Row boat propeller is no box or frame, by a captain and a team of people who are accustomed to speaking canoe paddle the co-operation. Wants to fight a river, the crew had to take their jet boating adventure skills with the following combination of skills.
Single-slurry vessel operating skills
Rower calm and straight down the river will make people feel extremely happy. However, he faced the surging rapids in the water flow down, to see upcoming obstacles, try to stop the water flow, these have reduced the speed, to give him time to move the boat from one side to the other side of the operation. Basic points are:
1, forward sideways, arms horizontal.
2, to paddle out into the water.
3, the paddle on both sides pulling back, using the whole body strength. Each action should be drawn is a continuous action, the role of the power evenly to each paddle, a basic technique is to face danger, hard pull.
Because of this pull is the most powerful, so a lot of operations are using this method to ship slow down or retreat. To change the ship's point of view, followed by a single oar or scull. This technique is used to ship in large waves in the straight, set the vessel towards the crossing angle or to ship steering. Rotation means that when a single oar rowing oars, the other teams paddle on the water. Rotating propellers need a little skill, the need to promote a paddle at the same time pull Another blade. Sculls boat operation will be transferred more quickly, and can turn around the center, let alone paddle boats have some backward movement. In order to avoid a direct obstacle to the method often used ferry across the water from the side. Basic skills are as follows:
To determine the flow of water (an unnecessary and riparian parallel)
Let ship turning left and right to work with water as a point of view (both set the ferry angle)
Smooth pull, continuous parade paddle. When the flow side of the boat force (caused by the ferry point of view) to promote water flow through the boat from the side, the heavy percussion will reduce the speed. So even the smallest water movement may also be on the ferry: In order to achieve the crossing, steer to reach the point of view you want to change the location of ships in the river, the most important thing is to allow shipping to maintain a certain angle with water, and then began to paddle back , rather than banks. For example, in river water turning late than turning a boat should flow into the 45-degree angle, rather than 90-degree angle with the river banks. When the ferry boat in a location (for example, is not a straight right counter-current), with the spin axis straight vessels, rolls over obstacles or through a narrow channel. Pulp with two shift rotation to allow shipping. When the use of the rear similar to the spin axis, but let ships pass through from the rear barrier, so that the bow pointing upstream. This method is used to allow shipping to keep obtuse angle (greater than 45 degrees), or in the absence of room for turning the bow (a standard spin-axis) is to avoid obstacles. The use of the rear pivot steering.
Pai pulp vessel operating skills
Who speaks with a paddle different row pulp to promote through the joint efforts of the captain and crew, and most operations are downstream, the boat faster than the water flow to move forward. Crew members sat alongside the boat, and to the power evenly distributed on both sides of the vessel. Command of the captain sitting in the bow to paddle as a rudder in his hand. This co-ordination of persons on board more closely, because the ship's forward trends often form a tight barrier in the road. Therefore, the captain must be expected that in front of the water and follow up promptly to inform the crew rather than the opposite flow. Command is as follows:
Forward (F) - Propeller forward
Slurry (Backkpaddle) - Propeller backward
Turn left (L) - Propeller left back, right forward paddle
Turn right (R) - the right paddle backwards, left paddle forward
Stop (S) - Stop Propeller
Go straight (K) - Propeller forward, if necessary, make minor adjustments to keep the bow wave is right. With these commands can be the same as the one person rowing boat operations. In the calm waters, the bow pointing to the direction of the ideal, all the paddle forward. Are easy to rotate around the rotation axis. Used in a series of parallel straight waters: Each crew were paddle forward, watching the water, if necessary, make slight adjustments. For other commands to stop and rest between. There are many obstacles in the waters and dangerous waterways, there is no time to accurately point to access, so that paddle forward, because the boat down the river too fast.
In fact, the following (1) counter-current ferry and (2) downstream ferry can be used because this method can reduce the speed, so that boat through the water and reach the edge. Counter-current ferry needs more power. With this method should be allowed to paddle forward, the boat with the water flow into a certain angle, pulp and reflux into a certain angle, point you want to arrive there; downstream ferry the power required for smaller, but lets see the front of the parade oar , at the last moment so that the bow is also easy to turn. It is let the paddle movement, so that the bow and the counter-current into an angle, pointing to the side you think. Row boat operation pulp gave us an exciting (often soaked body) experience of the river way. Every experienced crew able to quickly execute a command to allow shipping through complex obstacles and currents, (the operation) so that the crew particular close to the river, as well as the crew itself.
Emergency response procedures in case of
Here are a few in the river on a special self-help and life-saving skills, if all members are familiar with these procedures and be able to quickly cool operation, these emergencies do not become serious.
A, swim across the rapids rapids though they are considered dangerous, but it really becomes quite interesting. Should calmly face the rapids, with their feet to avoid the rocks in front of. Leaning back slightly, so that the direction of paddle for their grasp. In large waves in the deep breath and then hold your breath for a bubble-shaped face of the wave, until the vortex jet into the shore or returned on board. The most horrible thing is squeezed between the ship and rocks. Therefore, to keep away from boats, especially in the downstream side.
A vertical lift of the propeller marks to tell other boats here, one person on board. Ice-cold water in less than 10 minutes time, effort can be exhausted swimmers should take extra precautions. Response through the implementation of the remote swimmer under attack for hypothermia, and the ambulance.
B, and Rock can not avoid the collision, if you find the rock (which does exist), can be turned around before the collision or to allow the bow, the bow hit the rock. Turned the bow gently rotate the ship, bypassing the rock; let the bow hit the rock so that ships will be immediately stopped, but allows you to adjust the route through a number of rotation. If the ship's side there are rocks, the crew is best to come across before, immediately jump to the nearest side of the ship from the rocks. This weight would allow ships to bypass the rock downstream, counter-current flow will allow even higher. Otherwise, the water will be raised to resist reflux, smoking, under it, to enclose the rock formation beside the boat. Was not enclose the ship usually out of the woods, through the detection of water in front of the rock, pushing it allows the crew to the back, rowing oars, standing by leaps and bounds bottom may also be helpful, once free, one ship had been hit by a very difficult to operate, because it contains a lot of tons of water. The first step quickly scoop the water, and then try to stop the boat in calm waters.
C, subsidence if the above scenario B (with rock collision) led to subsidence, on the application of a rope from the shore for help. Such a ship several tons of force are often entangled, but usually there is a not so serious. With a rope around into a D-ring through the waterways, (it is necessary to play in front of holes), or boat behind the box. Can use a pull system (from the butterfly-shaped ring or carbine round of the composition of) to help improve. Try to pull ship to leave the waters. With the bow or stern line to help pull toward the shore, if all of the above efforts fail, then the people and things are arranged in a line at the shore, such as water level changed. Keep in whitewater expedition vessel sink is the most dangerous. Should be borne in mind the safety of each person's life than to allow the ship away from the rock is more important.
Security
Because Rapids Adventure is a very dangerous sport, everyone must understand and will observe the warning line. The security alert does not eliminate risk, but it will reduce the risk to an acceptable level, the experience of drifting is very helpful, but the security a little bit of neglect can also lead to tragedy. Following these guiding regulations that are based on the United States branch of the river expedition safety statutes have been made.
1, in-depth study of the river ready to drift. To find some detailed maps and guides to study the river flow, slope, seasonal fluctuations, climate, difficulties, trends and special advantageous Office, with particular attention to because of the rainy season, snowmelt and the sluice gate caused by sudden fluctuations in .
2, the life jacket at all times. The best is similar to (the pilots wear) life jacket type.
3, careful to avoid the river is dangerous:
High-water when the water flow increases greatly increased the risk of rescue, forced and difficult. Very safe during low-water rivers, often at high water level will become a killer.
Cold cold quickly plunder your strength and self-help capabilities. When the water level or the temperature is very low, under the trench coat wearing an exposure suit or sweater. Everyone should put in a waterproof bag and a set of dry clothes. In cold water, even the short-distance swimming, can also lead to hypothermia, immediately after landing the idea of heating (Kaohuo, for dry clothes and sleeping bags to sleep, eat hot food and drink, naked to squeeze into, etc.). Cold and high water are often coming together, especially in late spring season. In the cold and high water season, a warm winter clothes is a very important safety devices 1.
Filter shrubs, fallen trees, piles of wood, bridge piles, or other things that can make water off a boat overturned. After everything has been so entangled, the resulting pressure is enormous.
Counter-current and weir dam when water flows through a barrier, then back swing, the water's surface will form a counter-current, and can seize or between the water and waves of any floating objects. An artificial weir dam can not be passed. Swimmer greatest wish is to empty the bottom and side to catch up downstream. The final life-saving measure, that is, take off your jacket in order to reduce buoyancy and increase your opportunity to sink into cis-flowing water.
4, swimming, or go to seek help, emergency road wear shoes online in order to protect your feet from rocks of the victims.
5, we must first know the life-saving measures, including artificial respiration. To bring first aid kit.
6, to conduct training in emergency procedures. Know how to deal with subsidence, flip and so on. Be able to swim in the rapids and through the rapids to the ship is on the ropes.
7, make sure your equipment is in good condition. No shipping outside of the rope loose winding people. Belt repair box, air pump and safety rope.
8, to participate in organized group outings. Identify the lead ship and accompanying vessels (to bring first aid kit, repair box, air pump and safety rope). Each boat is in turn it can be seen behind a distance. Between vessels to maintain a safe distance so as not to touch the crowd in the rapids.
9, search for all can not be seen clearly from the upstream rapids.
10, stopping a boat in all the major rapids below in order to provide the necessary assistance.
11, the team must have two or more vessels. Sure that all members of the familiar signs and life-saving procedures.
12, the operation of your ability to have a real concept. Do not try to be too difficult of those rivers, those than you or your equipment marked beyond the rapids. Rapids Adventure is a group effort. Participants must have co-operation and rely on the feeling, and we have to take care of the wishes of peers. A team of boat is a close community, where everyone is alert to potential danger, ready to follow the team needs action. Billy麦克基利斯with saying: to remain vigilant. To maintain fear. Even if you get the confidence and technology, and do not think of danger have passed. This is not to say that are often neglected in front should hang back, but that in certain circumstances, you should maintain a kind of subconscious fear, to clearly know what you are doing is dangerous!