The purpose of first aid are: saving lives, reducing mortality; to prevent the condition continued to deteriorate; to reduce pain, reduce accidental injuries and lower disability rates.

First aid principles are: case of emergency should be bold and calm, careful responsible, to distinguish between light and heavy

Priorities, decisive implementation of the first-aid methods; the first dealing with critically ill patients, patients with mild re-treatment in the same patients, the first treatment to life, re-treatment topical; environment of the scene to ensure the safety of themselves and the wounded; make full use of the site is available control of manpower and resources to assist in first aid.

Observed prior to treatment

Doing a specific treatment before the need to observe patients with systemic, and mastery of the situation around. To determine causes of injuries, pain location, extent, or near the ear to listen to breathing. Particular attention to the face, paying lip service to, skin color or confirm whether the trauma, bleeding, consciousness and breathing conditions, carefully observe the fracture, trauma, vomiting situation.

Subsequently, more to choose a specific approach. Especially for respiratory arrest, coma, heavy bleeding, poison the situation, regardless of the unconscious, discoverer should promptly for emergency treatment, or they will jeopardize the patient's life. To observe changes in symptoms, the case of worsening symptoms Ji Jiufa basis having to impose emergency.

The scene to try to organize the escape of the patient's relief work for the ambulance crew should be the division of labor, but also of co-operation. Observation of post-processing

In the event of injury or sudden illness occurring there are many, so also need to impose a variety of appropriate first-aid methods to cope with. As for the specific treatment-related symptoms, in the later in detail.

Doing first-aid treatment, the patient most comfortable way to move the body. If the patient's consciousness is impaired, take care to ensure airway smooth, beware of vomit caused by suffocation. In order to ensure smooth flow of breathing required to enable patients to lie flat. If the level of impact to the head should lie down, if the need to raise the foot pale, but his face red are required to slightly raise the head, with vomiting and a sense of who need to let side or prone position is appropriate.

After treatment

Will be processed in an emergency patient to the doctor before the need for patients to keep warm and avoid him to exhaustion to make the symptoms worse. Then contact the doctors, ambulance, family members of patients.

In principle, moving patients, need to deal adequately with quiet after the delivery. Handling methods, with the injured and the surrounding conditions. In the handling, the patient tired, and there are rules to be moderate and rest, and to keep attention to patient's condition.

On-site rescue time is pressing, for treatment of those in critical condition, one should abide by the principles of first aid, second, to seize the key to quickly check the patient according to the following steps.

To determine awareness of

Pat in patients with shoulder (or face), and in their ears and shout: "Hey, how do you啦!" To test its response, the infant heel slap or pinch of their use of Hoku if they can cry, for the conscious .

Raised hue and cry

Patients pat, calling no response, indicating that it has the unconscious immediately shouted for help in place: "Come one呀! Life-saving ah!"

Emergency position

Patient position should be "sit on a hard flat surface." If the patient is prone or side position, where possible, he should be overturned as a supine, on a hard flat surface, such as wooden bed, wooden floor or back pad, so that in order to make effective the heart squeeze. Patients must not be lying on the soft objects, such as the sofa or bed springs in order to avoid a direct impact on the effect of external chest compression. Care to protect the head and neck.

Stand up approach: first, to save those who kneel on the patient side of the shoulder and neck, upper extremity of its two directions straight to the head, and then save those remote from the leg on the proximal thighs, legs cross, and then a boosting the patient's hand behind the neck, the other hand try to jack up the remote patient under the arms, so that head, neck, shoulders, trunk, was a total flip into a supine position at the same time, finally, back into the body to restore its arms on both sides.

Open the airway

Rescue patients were about to buckle collars, ties, scarves and so unlock the same time, inside the nose and mouth in patients with rapidly sludge, clods, sputum, vomitus, etc. removed to facilitate airway.

Respiratory tract is gas out of the lungs must pass through the Road. Genioglossus relaxation due to loss of consciousness in patients with base of the tongue after the fall, the epiglottis to fall, head forward causing throat airway obstruction. Submental method can move upward, and the mandible on the move, the throat walls moved back and widen the airway, so that the airway open, breathing can be smooth. Rescue will be placed in patients with first-hand and pressed his forehead to his head thrown back, one hand's index finger and middle finger put in his subordinates under the chin near the jaw below the chin lifted forward to help the head backwards. Head and heads off to the mandibular angle and the degree of connection between the lobe perpendicular to the ground as the correct location. Infant head can be gently heads off.

Note that removal of foreign bodies can not take up too much mouth time, the whole process of opening up the airway to be completed within 3-5 seconds, and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation entire process from start to finish to maintain the airway.

See, hear, feel breathing

After the patient airway, rescue those who used to see, hear, feel of France 3-5 seconds to check whether patients with spontaneous breathing. Inspection methods: rescue by side head with the ear close to the patient's nose and mouth, a look at the patient's chest (or upper abdomen) whether there are ups and downs; two patients with nose and mouth breathing air whether or sound; three felt a sense of whether airflow across their cheeks.

Respirator

If the patient not breathing on his own, to save the patient should immediately implement the artificial respiration - mouth (nose) inflatable 2 times. Blowing time is 1-1.5 seconds each. Each inflatable volume should be 800 milliliters.

Check the pulse to determine heart rate

To rescue those who use touch carotid artery or brachial artery to observe whether there is pulsatile 5-10 seconds, to determine whether patients with heart beat. Checks should be gentle touch, can not be forced oppression. To determine accurate and has touch bilateral carotid artery, but the prohibition on both sides of the same time touching, to avoid blocking the blood supply to the brain.

If there is no pulse beat, can be implemented external chest compression technique, squeeze 15 times extrusion rate of 60-80 times per minute.

Gas and blowing extrusion ratio 15:2 repeated. To do four consecutive times or 1 minute, then judge for themselves, checking pulse, breathing recovery, and whether changes in the pupil.

Emergency hemostasis

Rescue those who have serious injuries, but also examine whether patients with severe bleeding wounds, if any, should take urgent measures to stop bleeding. Avoid dies as a result of bleeding caused by shock.

Protection of the spine

Due to accidental injuries, accidents causing serious injury, treatment at the scene, it is necessary to protect the spine, and moving transfer under medical supervision. Spinal cord injury or injury to avoid further aggravated, resulting in paralysis or even death.