Faint trail, horse sound ringtones, tea fragrance. Tang and Song dynasties, the tea-horse trade increasingly is booming, Tea Horse Road came into being, Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai Road (Minshan Road), Sichuan-Tibet Road, Sichuan and Yunnan Road, Yunnan-Tibet Road and other major road network, has become an important business channel. National Heritage in the third census, Chengdu, Yaan, Liangshan, Aba, Ganzi and other places on the Tea Horse Road in Sichuan made a special investigation section. The end of 2010, Tea Horse Road was declared Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau recommended the seventh installment of the national key cultural relics protection units. This year, the Tea Horse Road usher in an unprecedented protection. In the "second Five-Year" period, the province will focus on protection of Tea Horse Road as a cultural lines; State Cultural Relics Bureau of the great site protection plan, "four-five ring" in the New Strategy, the Tea Horse Road was included in which . March, the Provincial Administration of Cultural Heritage made a special trip to Beijing to related parties to the investigation Tea Horse Road to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and Conservation Group to make a statement. Trail wind and rain over thousands of years, this spring opened a new prologue.
An extensive road network system:
"Great Tea Division are" marked "command center"
"Chengdu is the Tea Horse Road 'Command Center', the Sichuan-Tibet line is 'lifeline'." Provincial Academy of Social Sciences researcher, said Yu paragraph.
Historical data set, the Song, the annual production of about 3000 kg of Sichuan tea, accounting for 57% of the amount of domestic tea, -62%, most of which horse trade for tea. In Chengdu, the court set the "Great Tea Division are" tea-horse trade in the National Explorer, and 24 in Sichuan offers to buy tea plantation; Ming and Qing dynasties, Sichuan tea into a large number of Tibetan from Sichuan-Tibet Road, and resellers through Lhasa in India, Nepal South Asian countries, and then resell West Asia, West Africa and other regions; the Qing Dynasty by Dajianlu (now Kangding) in Sichuan tea output up to 1400 million kg per year or more ... ...
March 1 at the provincial Academy of Social Sciences, the reporter saw Sichuan Provincial Academy of Social Research Center of General Culture, Tourism Research Center, researchers Xu school books. The archaeologists and Chengdu Culture Bureau and colleagues recently completed a relevant person "Tea Horse Road Chengdu Survey Report."
"Tea Horse Road, is the modern history of the tea-horse under the proposed concept of trade." Xu told reporters science books. Sichuan is China's oldest tea growing areas and carry out the tea trade, Shu Han general cultivation, sale of goods tea, tea drinking became fashionable. Connected with the Sichuan Plateau, the staple food of beef and mutton minorities, need to eliminate greasy tea, heat to dry. Shu ancestors, have long been trading tea minority areas. By the late Tang Song Dynasty, because of the war requires a lot of horses, horse trade tea into the official trading begins with folk varieties.
Research historical information, involving Tea Horse Road in Dujiangyan City, Qionglai City, Pujiang County, the recent remains of the road and conducted a field survey along the route from Sichuan to the plateau region, the line Tea What discovery? Asked the reporter.
Involved in the investigation of the Chengdu Cultural Relics Management Office, researchers Miao Shu Yong told reporters, "according to historical documents, records, found at least three main roads on the ground": from Dujiangyan City, starting the Minshan Road; from Qionglai shunted off to the Sichuan-Tibet Yaan Road, Sichuan-Yunnan Road. "We found many preserved ancient road, some of the bluestone pavement, some covered with pebbles." Winding mountain road that has become the best history of the ancient Shu Tea witness.
Pingle in Qionglai City Longshan Town, riding the ridge, the survey team found a trail, the visit to South roads, since the Han dynasty connected Linqiong - Baizhang Station - Ya - Tibet, the only way, the local people commonly known as "Official Horse Road" , "Ma Daozi." Hidden in the grass, they see about 1 km long trail, belt out one pebble laying down law by laying into the fish-shaped ridge, the central formation of a straight center line on both sides of the road paved with cobblestones in tight. The most amazing is that many roads still preserved along the "wrong lane" (where the carriage stops), and the main road and support the cross-channel "entrance."
"This kind of road also found a lot." Miao Yong Shu said. In Dujiangyan City, Sichuan and Gansu found Longchi Town Green Road section of the road paved with natural rocks, 20 meters long, 4 meters wide, has left the road Horseshoe Caravan nest.
End of Tang Dynasty war, first in the former Wang Shu Wang Ya-state (now Ya), Victoria (now Wenchuan), Mao-chou (now Maoxian), Li states (now Han-source) and so large-scale official Tea trade. Xu Xue-shu, told reporters in the state appeared in a special Qiong Qiang Fan tribes to trade on the "fire fan cake" (Song called "Zephaniah tea"), each cake weighs 40 two, that is, the predecessor of brick tea.
Still a landscape:
Tea Horse Road remains a thing of the Millennium outline
Tea Horse Road involving the territory of Sichuan, Chengdu, Yaan, Liangshan, Aba, Ganzi and other places, the survey found a large number of preserved monuments. For example, the Song Ma Camellia Division under the Chengdu were "all big Tea Company", responsible for the Mingshan and Baizhang County "name Camellia" raising paid transactions. Peak, the output of tea tea accounted for more than half of the official co-ordination. So far, the village in the Mingshan Changchun TOWN, still preserved, "Shuanma pile", "Yin Ma Chi" and other names.
Dujiangyan City, West Xingfu Road Town, irrigation, and Fulong across the River. Through the history of smoke, there was an exchange of goods of Chinese merchants important Tibet and Qiang market. Along the Dujiangyan Street and west, via Fulong, Yu Lei Guan, Second Temple, along the Minjiang River north west, the Zipingpu, Longchi, turning dry Snake River Range to the Wenchuan shop, and then Weizhou Yingxiu " This Tea Horse Road, there are many well-preserved relics sites. "Miao Yong Shu said.
Tea Horse Road investigation, not only find its way, but also look for trade-related with the tea-horse sites, towns, villages, tea gardens, post and so on.
Linqiong town, since the Qin Dynasty set Linqiong, 2000, the city was changed over the years, the basic layout to maintain the historical pattern. Miao Yong Shu that "Linqiong out of the town of Chengdu, the Sichuan-Tibet Road, the gateway to the West, leading to Sichuan Yunnan, Tibet Yao Jin." Similarly, the Sichuan-Tibet Road, Pingle town is also the necessary land, a large number of preserved ancient town of the territory tea, the ancient courtyard houses and so on. Pingle Lugou in the Road Town, Tea Horse Road is a branch road, ditch the narrow valleys, dense tall bamboo sides, blocking the bright spring sunshine.
Literature, the Song Dynasty in the Mingshan, Baizhang County set to buy tea plantation, etc., provisions were dedicated to the Boma camellia, and as a permanent method. Chun Xi Xi Ning Zhixiao Shenzong cases from the period, the mountains, transported to the Northwest Territories Baizhang Qinzhou year, Xi State, River State Racecourse is easy to buy as many as twenty thousand tea horse pack (per pack of 50 kg.) The survey found a large number of counties in the Tang Dynasty Baizhang relics, ruins, about 600 meters in about 30 meters within the remaining walls to brown sand Ben Zhu, Tang found that brick wall. As a result, segment Yu analysis, "Yaan Tea Horse Road is a powerhouse."
Mingshan reporters arrived at the village of New Zhen Changchun, more than 700 meters above sea level in the Tea-Horse Division site. This is a south-facing building, covers an area of 1300 square meters, the axis of symmetry to the layout, front hall was removed, the remnants of the main hall and side rooms of 600 square meters floor area, preserving the basic integrity.
Interestingly, in Yaan selling tea in the tea also found a number sites, site. Yingjing County Democratic Road Yan Road Town, the public can be regarded as site No. Xing tea history of the earlier one of them. Reporter on the scene saw the construction of three rectangular layout into the courtyard, the courtyard patio is sun drying tea bar, courtyard houses are riding around the tea, steep heap, kang tea, picking tea, brewed, prepared package (packaging) space , finished product specifically stacked warehouse. It is said that the number of tea in the Ming Dynasty was founded, trademark Tibetan name "Jen really Doug," the Tibetan areas in the vast tea has long enjoyed a high reputation. Are sold as Tibetan, Ya No sales of the tea, tea products are hidden name.
An urgent need to protect cultural route:
Construction of the economic and cultural corridor Tea Horse Road
In the eyes of many experts, Tea Horse Road is extremely important in human history, the linear cultural heritage, is to contact a number of areas of uneven economic development bonds, with a declared world cultural heritage value. National Heritage Board had recommended in Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet Cha Ma Ancient Road Protection set up a joint coordination body.
The new century, as people pay more attention to cultural heritage, Cha been more attention to protect the voice of Tea Horse Road gradually higher. Back in 2008, a CPPCC National Committee, first session receive the "Tea Horse Road on the importance of cultural heritage protection work in the proposal", proposal suggests, the face of increasingly heavy pressure and can not miss the opportunity to be protected as a cultural Tea Horse Road Heritage is a major issue.
End of 2009, Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau held a seminar cultural route Ancient Tea Horse Road, suggested that the relevant cultural relics along the city make the state investigation. Last June, in Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, convened by the National Heritage Board's "Cultural Heritage Protection in China Pu'er Forum - Heritage Tea Horse Road", first launched at the national level of protection for the Tea Horse Road.
However, the protection of Tea Horse Road is still a long way. Yu paragraph that "the road is the carrier of civilization, to protect the Tea Horse Road in addition to protect the roads, post houses, tea No other carriers, but also the bearer of civilization should be tapped." For example, recorded in historical documents "are big Tea Division ", the site where in Chengdu, in the end, can explore the repair? Another example Luding, Tea Horse Road was once an important distribution center, "also needs to explore its ruins, and then restore the history."
Yu took part in the last paragraph of Pu'er forum, deep feelings: Sichuan Tea Horse Road in the extremely important position, but we know of Tea Horse Road and the protection is relatively slow, "not related in-depth study, not to mention protection and development and technology transfer. "
It is gratifying, Sichuan has been accelerated pace.
Chengdu Municipal Archaeological Team, Bureau of Cultural Relics and the United Qionglai on the trail ride was Longshan archaeological survey and excavation of the Han Dynasty unearthed coins, ceramics and other Tang and Song dynasties, found Han Dynasty, the Tang and Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties road formation, to study History of Tea Horse Road, the road provides a physical basis for the use. Miao Yong Shu said, Chengdu Cultural Relics Bureau will also invite relevant experts to develop protection plans Cha, Cha Ma Ancient Road to increase the protection and repair ... ...
And Xu school books they are for the Tea Horse Road new essays protection and development study, the proposed "Building Tea Horse Road economic and cultural corridor", the trail protection and tourism development combine to promote national harmony, promoting regional industrial structure adjustment, the development of cultural tourism industry.
The experts thought coincides with the relevant departments. "Waste Management and cultural heritage combine to make the people get benefits from the protection of cultural relics." Stakeholders Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, told reporters Tea Horse Road should become a cultural Waste Management of large projects, through the declaration of the national key cultural relics protection units, even declared world cultural heritage, promote local economic development.
Links
Tea-Horse Road main line
Minshan Road -
Main Line Tang and Song Dynasties, Ming and Qing Dynasties for the West side of the tea trade in the main channel, mainly for this trade to the north, southern Gansu, Sichuan and Qinghai grasslands area, part of the tea exported to the Tibetan region. From this Dujiangyan city, along the Minjiang River valley and the gateway to Gansu, Qinghai, also known as "River Road in Gansu and Qinghai," is divided into east and west trunk road in Songpan, Road in Jiuzhaigou is divided into two.
Minshan West: Dujiangyan - Wenchuan - Maoxian - Songpan - Zoige - Gansu Province Diebu Xian - Lintan - Tangfangudao.
Minshan East: Dujiangyan - Wenchuan - Maoxian - Songpan - Jiuzhaigou - Gansu Wen County, Wudu County, Cheng County / Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, Min County.
Xishan Road: Dujiangyan - Wenchuan - Maoxian - black - red original - Qinghai.
Xishan Road: Dujiangyan - Wenchuan - Li County - Malcolm - Hongyuan - Qinghai.
Sichuan-Tibet Road -
Ming and Qing dynasties to the south side of the road near the modern tea trade in the main channel. In the Qing Dynasty is divided into two routes from Kangding, the tea ceremony, and then in Tibet, to Lhasa, Qamdo confluence, the crossing of the world's highest mountain region, a number of valleys, called the business world's most difficult road.
South Tea: Qionglai - Ya - Yingjing - Luding - Kangding - Litang - the Tibetan Qamdo - Lhasa - Shigatse - India and other South Asian countries - Malaysia, West Africa.
North Tea: Qionglai - Ya - Tianquan - Kangding - Daofu - Tibet Qamdo - Lhasa - Shigatse - India and other South Asian countries - Malaysia, West Africa.
Sichuan-Yunnan Road -
Qionglai - Ya - Chinese source - Xichang - Dali - Lijiang and other places, a number of roads, branch road, trail, connecting Yi, Tibetan, Naxi, Lisu and other ethnic enclaves, has been in use since the Han Dynasty, Han said "Ling Guan Road," Tang said, "Qing Xi Road," Ming said, "Jianchang Road."
Source: Sichuan Daily
