Buddhism from India into China along the ancient Silk Road along the way has left many exquisite Grotto, from Xinjiang Kizil Grottoes, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes to, ladder Grottoes, Yulin Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes. Rebellion in the decline of the Central Plains have a large grotto, Tang later, no large-scale Grotto Central Plains.
Take over the baton of Chinese grotto art, then in Sichuan. Among these, the earliest Buddhist Chengdu, most of the Southern work, and Southern China, there is little outside the statues found in Chengdu. Qing Dynasty, the monastery has been unearthed in Chengdu Southern statues, in recent years, Xi'an Road, Commercial Street, have frequently unearthed.
Rebellion, the Chinese economic center moved south, grotto art followed the Taurus Road into Sichuan, the Fu River, Jialing River, Tuo River, Minjiang River rock, bits and pieces many caves there. Almost every county in Sichuan has Grottoes distribution, but in order to survive in the world up to the Tang Dynasty, full of vitality in a state of divergence. Cave of surviving for at least the Song Dynasty in China, resulting in the Qing Dynasty scholars, "Tang Sheng Song bad" theory, that the long decline of the Song Dynasty caves, not worth mentioning. Large enough, Anyue Grottoes revised this view have been found, but also deserved to be a masterpiece of Chinese grotto art late.
If the North, Central Plains Caves Cave wrote the first part of the history of China, Sichuan, obviously half tie down.
Chengdu Longquan Mountain Longquanyi suburbs, there is a small village called Buddha mountain village called Village of course, a large Buddhist temple, the temple has a local called "days of falling rocks," the huge bluestone, bluestone on a culture and history are very well-known calligraphy circle "North King Wen of Zhou monument." Some experts think that this moment in the first year of Northern Zhou Xiao Min Dynasty (AD 557) the inscriptions, the earliest ever found the Yangtze River, the best preserved Biographies. Apart from this, a long piece of 14 meters, 8 meters high, 4.4 meters wide and the huge rock, there has been a problem since the Tang Dynasty carved, stone monument, and Cliff more than 160 respected more than 50 niches.
"Que Han Wei stone monument," Village people might not fully understand the Ching Period inscriptions, statues with today's cultural and artistic value, however, have since ancient times as a village with interdependence of the scenery, The villagers will be viewed as protecting their sacred and auspicious one, also has such a mass family carefully preserved antique camel its existence. So, when I inadvertently entered the Longquan Mountain in honor of the true glimpse of its contents, it hit the antiquity and the awe-inspiring beauty of it surprising, shocking in my vision and nerves.
Buddha came from the Boulevard
Inquiry from the "days of falling rock" on the many beautiful Cliff Figures of origin, should have contact with the piece from the Chongqing area of trade and cultural exchanges, "Tang Shu ancient post road" are not unrelated.
As Longquanyi the message of the names, the history of dynasties Longquanyi actually set up a relay station, the so-called "Chinese home postal kiosk, Tang set of Post," Yuan for the station at Chek Ming inn be called before "the Longquanyi." Both for the inn, then post road inn natural setting on the back in place while passing through, accessible four winds. Historical data confirmed that the first contact between the two places Bayu trail from the Han Shu, and just over half a century ago, despite two thousand years of evolution, the road show in people's eyes, and still is a Kuanjin five feet stone road, which by the east gate of Chengdu, Chengdu and Chongqing in addition is the connection between the most handy trunk roads, also known as "East Boulevard." Wuli East Road, a shop, a shop ten miles, ten miles an inn, so wulidian east of Chengdu, Hong door shop, Omo shop, card shop industry, Longquanyi, spring shop, chadianzi, are due to trail The legacy of the old names.
12 for the store, three 50 to shop, shop is often set up "shop Death" as the delivery instrument to officials, the inns are not only Yicheng, relay so, Yizu, also has horses, Posthouse , taverns restaurants, hostels and taste. Both stores, shops, or inns, the most fundamental goal is to provide accommodation for pedestrian travel, the way they are arranged on the ancient post road, cascading out of a roll of the ancient East Avenue, a road map for busy business travelers.
"La endless Chengdu Prefecture, be filled in Chongqing are" imagine, the time of East Avenue, was loaded with goods traveling, the vendor elects piggyback husband, bustling pedestrians, pack an umbrella of pilgrims , and the clip-clop acute volume all the way from the messenger dust bowl, etc., or the road to run around, or stopping for a rest in the shop, shop, post house, this is what a hot topic ah. At the same time, with these people, materials, go hand in hand, and on a north-south, east and west, and custom blending of cultural transmission has. At this point, the initial impact of both religious culture, or in the transmission of form, are very striking manner.
Chengdu is the birthplace of Taoism, and in the initial formation of the Eastern Han Dynasty Taoism, Buddhism began to spread into China. In Buddhism, for the faithful to the fierce competition in Chengdu, and justly became a struggle between religious culture and the spread of fertile soil. That Qingcheng Mountain , Hemin Shan Mount Sichuan as the birthplace of Taoism local, not to mention the self, and the order was founded in Jin, Tang, Chengdu Dacisi peak in case it, once had to account for acres, Fan Yu 96 hospital, House, House, house, hall, etc. 8524, monks 5 million grand occasion. Since the early 20th century, the monastery in Chengdu, one after another commercial street statues unearthed many Southern, are all Buddhist Sculptures and suggests the origin of the city.
At that time did not like this way of quick communications, culture, communication can be said to rely on pedal to step by step, they come because of the extension of the road, of course, but also as an extension of the road to broader areas. Years ago, I had to find the remains of those old trail, over the mountains to walk the vast expanse of mountains in the Longquanyi among the various twists and turns from the trail Although many have been buried in the dust bowl and into the weeds, but the trend along the trail, Kashiai Temple, a long loose Temple, a large Buddhist temple, the stone temple, huilongsi Cliff, Grand Buddha Temple Cliff, Peach Blossom Temple, Lotus Lantern Temple, Qing Huai Road, next to Cliff, then from the Longquanyi within almost all religious and cultural sites or temple, I accidentally hit by all the passing, and they are the ruins of some doubt, some remaining ruins, some still have strong incense. But no matter what, in my opinion, they are a beautiful addition to traces of the old trail ups and downs, through them, we can already see the history of eolian much impact.
2 Big Buddha Temple Exploration
Spring, March, Longquan Mountain spring bloom just laying peach. I followed the direction of the ancient East Boulevard and follow the mountain in the bluestone remaining, Hill Road on both sides of the peach Peach The branches are encrusted continued troubles over, collision with my body, so in March, in the genial sunshine and the mountain wind, that the peach will be covered with scattered Fen Yang a piece of the trail as far as the Millennium. After the climb over a mountain, set off in the peach orchard in the valley lying still have a huge house Qingwa eyes flashed, and this is a large Buddhist temple.
As the trail already abandoned the mountain full of peach in addition to peach, is the sun and winds, there are really tall Qingwa house. Mountain fine, flash, it appeared to hear the voice of heroin were seized, that scene, a time of thought went into the seclusion of the ancient place a certain Goldsmith does.
This is my second time to the largest Buddhist temple came. The first was 20 years ago a downpour in the evening, because at first glance that the appearance of the temple and the rich family's houses are no different, the way the mud, find any that are looking got a shelter, warming himself in the place, walked , it was found abandoned the temple is a place.
Style of the monastery courtyard, weeds clustered, the side rooms of the two rooms, heavy rains washed down from the walls, dark and damp, disorganized; temple-hall with a tall Buddha, cobweb clouds, from the right side of a small Buddhist hall and out the door , standing in front of a huge stone, chiseled stone inscriptions and statues filled. Years later, after I finish walking the ancient East Boulevard before suddenly realize that this seemingly humble Cliff Grand Buddha Temple and its cultural significance, so in the spring March Looking back on the opportunity come again.
When you enter the temple, carefully looked at when I was ignored the Buddha, all kinds of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism statues and inscriptions written. Buddha said, "Zhang Liu Buddha", the high and called "days of transit," the roof of the main hall, up to 4.24 m, Tang made a large calendar years (AD 771). In the absence of the Buddha, before a large temple called as Emperor Wen King Wen of Zhou shrines or temples, temple hall is behind the days of falling rock on the monument of King Wen of Zhou said the North "as Wang Jing Bao Tong made Buddha 2" in the "Bao Tong" .
To avoid the storm, the North Emperor Wen of the many statues in and around Monument where the stone, was erected in the volume of Qingwa shed was covered in. As the stone is neither connected with the surrounding rock, the color is also different for the unexpected, like days off, so local people also called "day falling rock" the. When Chunyang sun is warm and tender light came slanting in the sky falling rock on which the inscription of the strokes, imaging of the face and the lines will be clarity of the clothes up, people do not consciously then be placed into the distant years of nostalgia : Jin's plain natural, Song of grace downtown, the elegant Ming, 11 came.
Big Buddha temple and the three religions
The same as the Maitreya Buddha, but higher than the cut in the early years of Emperor Xuan (AD 713) of the Leshan Giant Buddha , the Buddha Zhangliu terms of size, posture, and carving techniques, have really become thin. But in my opinion, this is precisely shows when the extensive Buddhist influence in the folk.
Contemporary with the construction of Buddha, there are days when the rock fall on the reproduction of Tang reconcile the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and "Three Religions temple" carved niche. To know, "the three religions temples" of niches carved, not from the more private, but out of the court's mandate. Tang parallel to the three religions, in some Buddhist and Taoist struggle between the serious, the court will be funded to establish a "field of the three religions" to promote the "Three Religions in parallel." Such caves in Sichuan Qionglai, Renshou, Anyue, capital in Lu County has had quite a find, as an interesting grotto art in Sichuan representative.
Big Buddha Temple, this place is the "three teaching field" of the establishment, and should, here's the social status of Tang relevant. Read "Longquanyi District Zhi", khanate, the official Imperial College Zhu Tao Ji Jiu vertebral official position locals return home to the mountains, practicing moral, Taoism culture once in this area have extensive influence, and even then the North Song the emperor gave his "wonderful pass real" number. The Chengdu Matsuyama on the eastern side of long pine Temple, is the area's first Buddhist temple on even the first year of reign Xing Shu Tak, the temple is also specially designed for Chin gave a "long song Yin Hing Temple," the plaque, and the construction Yu Xiang Ting. Thus, the establishment of the three religions field is necessary.
North King Wen of Zhou monument of antiquity and charm
Large stone in the days of falling rocks, the most precious monument north of King Wen of Zhou.
For ages here especially rubbing, in the days of falling rock bottom piece, carved in the first year of the North Zhou Xiao Min Emperor (AD 557) all around the stone inscriptions and a different color, showing dark color. 2.24 m high monument quintana, width 1.25 m, the first monument is a small Buddha Zhu Que and relief party composed of two successive images, part of a tablet carved for the regular script, regular script to 1348 words incised inscription, it described the power of the Northern Zhou Dynasty founder Yuwen Tai's life achievements, the so-called "great merit was rather intense Antonio Thousand Years, non Zhubo not to praise their training, non-stone-free by Ming the German, is a Chinese song ... ..."
XianBei Yuwen Tai is the Western Wei, Northern Zhou's real ruler, Western Wei Zen weeks Zhuizun to King Wen. As a minority in our history, an outstanding military strategist and commander in chief, Yuwen Tai's life, from disorder to order is at a historical turning point, in the complicated historical conditions, Yuwen Tai concept of time changes, final clean Jianghan South, West Quebalt Shu, the North controlled the desert, laid the foundation for the Northern Zhou Dynasty. When enacted, he knew that his military system, the election official and France to open the political system, the origin of the Sui and Tang.
Emperor Gong of Western Wei Dynasty three years (AD 556) Yuwen Tai Inspection of the North, to Ningxia, Gansu area, the unfortunate Those who are sick to death a few months later, when the garrison Wukang County (now Jianyang) of Juji and other large general powerful independent music 11 Generals, for the praise of their commander in chief of merit, it "was divided east of Ridge, were benefits of the rock, falling rocks next day, as Wang Jing Bao Tong made Buddha 2" in the days of falling rock while still shaping the monument as one of the " King Wen of Zhou Temple monument. " Part of a tablet by the Department in accordance with "strong independent music for the establishment of Buddhism 2 Zunxiang King Wen" in the strict sense of the North Emperor Wen monument, it seems that should also include 34 days of falling rock on the niche of the Buddhist two seated.
As the monument inscription North King Wen of Zhou Yuwen Tai's death are only separated by time and completed a few months, so the North King Wen of Zhou History community as a monument to be understanding of the Northern and Southern history, political structure during the Northern Zhou, and Yuwen Tai's life the most direct and original data, has a very high cultural and historical value.
However, the value of the North Emperor Wen monument not limited to this. Monument in North King Wen of Zhou Wei, the formation, although at that time the Chinese populations everywhere, endless war, but from the Eastern Han Dynasty and the generation of Buddhist Learning to write by glorifying engraved version of the legacy, is still greatly in this period of development. This is not glorifying to introduce then prevailing wind, and the mode of transmission of Buddhist culture, but to illustrate the Tablets of the evolution of art in the Chinese character fonts on a significant role.
We know that in the Han Chinese form the basis of official script, regular script and running script began to develop in the direction, and through North King Wen of Zhou monument, when in fact we know the Chinese character fonts in place of the body after Rubbings completed a mature setting regular script . Have carefully studied the books home in North King Wen of Zhou after the monument that "both with Rhyme Rubbings body, but also a little folk flavor slightly, so Emotion upright. The book style inspiration from various angles after the study, or reference to seal scribe, or reference to Cursive may apply based out of a life. "To this end, Kang in" double art series, "also praised its" exquisite of independent music. "
However, why was North King Wen of Zhou monument carved Xiu Longquan Mountain in stone on it? "Zhou Shu" recorded in AD 553, the Wuling Wang Xiao Ji emperor in Chengdu, sent troops to attack the civil strife of the Liang Dynasty. Unexpectedly, the mantis catching cicadas, oriole in the post, but took the opportunity to order a large general Yuwen Tai Yuchi Jiong led his army in six road scoring Sichuan, Chengdu occupied. Yuwen Tai just under the leadership of a brilliant victory, when the Sichuan officials (inscription referred to as "Big Week Festival to paternity, Juji major general, Miriam Division with three large military governor, Sanjichangshi, the military is the county founding BO" ) and Northern Zhou generals strong independent music, the smell of bad news after, of course, also in Sichuan, the Department has the most prosperous business travel east along the roadside, as his commander in chief "to establish its landmark Buddhist 2 Zunxiang tree" of doing it.
North King Wen of Zhou inscriptions as, the ancient statues carved in the days of falling rock question many, in addition to Tang, "the three religions temple monument", there are North Songjin Shi Jing Song Poem Monument and so on. Not carved in front, they go to the side, such as "Qiannan Wang Zhu soup" in the "SD Boxer Daoguang month" wrote the "rocking-Song Cui," in large letters, thus it can be seen when a large Buddhist temple, and the days of rockfall But a quiet forest fringed shengjing.
Monument on North King Wen of Zhou, the experts believe that it is not a strong stand alone music and other people, "King Wen of Zhou Temple Stele" of the original monument, but people under the Song Dynasty, "King Wen of Zhou Temple Stele" and "Later Zhou Yuwen Tai Chi Gong "Monument to the Canbei rubbing up by continued after the re-carved. But no matter what, day falling rock on a beautiful piece of calligraphic inscriptions are indisputable. Source: Chengdu Daily
