Qiang is a Chinese family with a long history in the national one. Is within the state are concentrated in Maoxian, Wenchuan County, Li County, and parts of Songpan.
Xu Shu in the "History of the" the preamble states: "the ancient Qiang Xi Rong shepherd, located in the western parts of China. Concurrently to their original is a pastoral tribe, according to" the sheep that the Ministry of Culture, "explained:" 'Qiang', Xu West shepherds. From the person, from the sheep; sheep are sound. "" Custom links "and explained:" Qiang ... ... the main sheep, so 'Qiang', from the sheep, people, so the number. "" Later Han Xiqiang Biography "also released: Qiang," impermanence of residence, according to with the aquatic plants, to small grains to livestock-based. "" History of the "Syria:" In fact this is the word Qiang and Jiang, 'Qiang' from the person, as a family name, 'Ginger' from women, as a woman surnamed Qiang. "So Taiyan" Southwest is a small note Yi "said:" For the surname Jiang Xiqiang, non Xiqiang for the surname Jiang, "This shows Qiang, Jiang is the rise of western China, one of the most primitive tribes.
Oracle records over 3000 years ago show that the Shang period, the Qiang people in the history of the stage was already very active. Slavery was often captured Qiang Yin Dynasty into slavery, but in the Yin Dynasty head of an official in the Qiang people there. 1088 BC, when King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty and the main joint of the Qiang, Sichuan, Lu and other units formed a military alliance to overthrow the tyranny of the Yan Zhou dynasty.
Shang Dynasty, the Qiang people activities in the Northwest and Central Plains. Most of the river (Yellow River), Huang (Huang water), Tao (Tao water), Min (Min upstream) area, and the Yellow River, in Huang, give expenditure River as the center.
Mid-5th century BC, the Qin Qiang people with frequent and friendly contacts and mutual influence of the base, the development of forests and development of production, the emergence of agriculture Hehuang. Spring and Autumn Period, Rong very widespread, the name is also complex, to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty has been to "Chang" Zhu Rong Pan said the large influx of Central Plains. 4 end of the century before the public, Qinxian Gong from the time of the southwest and northwest part of the Qiang great migration, there are moved to upper reaches of Minjiang, Dadu and the Anning River Valley, while others moved to the Tibetan Plateau.
206 BC, the Han dynasties strong. Han Dynasty, set up in Gansu Hexi Corridor 4 gun, still the biggest in the northwest of the Qiang people at this time there are many progressive inward migration, with a home stuffed with the Han in the wrong home, also in the increasing number of agricultural producers, private ownership has a certain amount of development, gradually left the orbit of the feudal system. At this point Qiang, a first zero, and research species, burning when, sealing sheep, Le sister, female if, Guanghan, Wu Ministry Department. The ruling class among the tribes to each other plunder. From the Han Dynasty, the Qiang people live in large numbers included, and then gradually assimilated by the local Han Chinese.
Since the Sui and Tang, Qiang Minjiang River area, in the rise of the Han people and the Tibetan people in the field between the Brahmaputra, as Han and Tibetan areas link between the Central Plains of salt, tea, cloth, production tools and the border of the horses, medicine, fur trade has been greatly developed. Political, economic ties more closely, the Qiang people in these areas, since there is a large part from the requirements of the Tang Dynasty, "citizenship" as the areas under the Tang Dynasty, while the other part under the rule in the Tibetan government settled the upper reaches of Minjiang in some areas.
Upper reaches of the Qiang people, according to "Ancient Sichuan," contains, from the Department during and after the Qin and Han River to the Qiang Huang moved along with the local indigenous population a combination of this original Qiang people. After the Han dynasty, after two large north-west migration of the Qiang people, came Minjiang River area. One is the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang dynasties once, when the Minjiang River has been called to settle the Western Hills (Plain west of the mountains in the upper reaches of Minjiang collectively) Zhu Qiang Qiang tribes people. Sui and the eastward expansion of the Tubo Dynasty, the Qiang people have Hehuang Inland area, some of which to the states along the upper reaches of Mao, who has become the main areas of Minjiang River Qiang people. Qiang said the origins of Minjiang River, in the Qiang people still circulating in this legend: the ancient times, there have been a big migration of the Qiang people, of which one was settled in the upper reaches. At this point, Qiang ancestors encountered a "Gokey people"; they are strong, and Qiang and "Gokey people" fighting, defeated, ready to give up to move far away, but fortunately God in a dream revelation, it sticks with the hard dolomite and as a weapon, and the Department of wool in the neck as a symbol, and finally defeated the "Gokey people." Since then, the people to live and work. Qiang people in return for divine mercy, Upon the highest gods of dolomite, the custom is said today. This legend, the actual description of the Qiang people in history a true history of migration. The legends and historical records and archaeological data combined confirmed, I know that the upper reaches of the Min Jiang Qiang people had settled here later than in the Han Dynasty.
Minjiang River area is the ancient corridor between some ethnic groups, nearly half a century, in the upper reaches of Minjiang River and Zagunao been discovered a number of Neolithic cultural sites, more recently, in Maoxian, Wenchuan and other places discovered and excavated a complete pottery and other artifacts, they Longxi Ma Longnan types of objects similar to the pit culture. According to Mao Wen County in 1976 to explore the sarcophagus graves and relics research, the Qiang people's ancestors had lived in the Qin and Han Dynasties, lived in this land, and has been converted to settle nomadic life. According to "A Brief History of the Qiang," Syria, from the Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty, the Qiang people in my country, in addition to some settlements in the upper reaches of the village, continue to maintain the basic characteristics of the Qiang people, the rest of the Qiang. People, most of the development of the Tibeto-Burman languages of all ethnic groups, or have integrated into the Han and other nationalities. Qiang (Qiang, qiang), China's ancient national name, was originally the ancient Han Chinese living in the country one of the nomads of the western Pan said. The ancient Qiang people is not a single nation, since the end of the century to the 4th Dynasty, in northwest China's Gansu, Qinghai and large areas of indigenous tribal peoples, which is historically referred to as "Chang" in the nation. "Chang" in the title is from the Han Dynasty followed the date. Now lives in the state Qiang Mao's self-proclaimed "Japanese wheat", Maoxian Qiang red area is not claiming the Soviet Union, "Rima," Qiang Li County, called himself "Mary." "Day" is a prefix consonants, for articles with no special significance. In short, Qiang claimed to be "Mr", "Mary" or "door", according to Ma Changshou's "Di and Qiang" explained: "probably a word, just like Chinese, 'people' of the sound and meaning, that is, the meaning of the people" . Qiang ethnic autonomy is one of the state, mainly live in Maoxian, Wenchuan County, Li County, and parts of Songpan. According to the first national census of 1964 statistics, the state population of 48261 Qiang people, accounting for 9.98% of the total population of the state. |
