LI Cheng-Tin (words 4062 words)
Bo people, the historical settlement on a cliff on the nation, a border Kaijiangtuotu in China for thousands of years, but suddenly disappeared from the scene of the nation.
Cliff, a demise of the nation's history bear witness to one of history's wind, frost, frozen history of the national culture.
Gu Bo Hou a foot of soil, the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, South River has been widely Shandai sky blue. However, my heart was beating one can resist sound. Cold mountain wind burst of grief swept the towering cliff I Yam attack from North Korea who was placed on the cliffs in the 1000 firmware with a lingering of the coffin, those with low-volt scattered by the roadside stream wandering the crumbling Duanbi, those who lived through the years caress is still brighter colors rock paintings of the Bo people, those who had performed the ancient battlefield site of swords ... ... they are already adapted to the cast for their years of civil position, attitude adjustment, despite the rising wind and rain, Enpa dispersed. In everlasting memory of the trajectory followed, people seems to have forgotten the flow of time shuttle, and time seems to have forgotten compassion floating on the cliffs of the souls.
Mountains, forests faint. Karst effect is particularly strong group surrounded by mountain ranges, Qianfeng competing shows, criss-crossing underground caverns, karst fantasy, sky-blue water, Bi. The world's largest cave funnel funnel ─ ─ Shi-dong village settled on this piece of You Mi on the land. Here as early as the Western Zhou era on the establishment of the ancient Bo country, then God has chosen to allow the transmission of a civilization, after experiencing the bustling again reverted to silence, what was the kind of feud to make a nation in its arrogant Annals li Sutherland became Ruins? What is the curse of their broken a nightmare for the already heavy load?
Mystery of a nation to be here, but also mysterious disappeared. Fortunately, archaeologists have been poor, ho, the head of Wu Wu poor years, is to erase the long streamer of dust, to restore the historical truth of this. In ancient Greek civilization has been slowly rise when it was still a tigers haunt, the wild and thorns plagued land. One from the south coastal strip Baiyue peoples are migrating from the tribal communities, a brave decisions based on tribal peoples, they rush along the Yangtze River was removed to the Jinsha River, and Minjiang River to settle down, they are blazing new trails, land reclamation farming, "person" head full of the word "thorns" is "Bo" in origin.
The late Shang Dynasty, the last ruler of Shang King Zhou of Shang Yin Yue wine. That time, weeks on the Loess Plateau tribes have grown strong, and Zhu Hou Zhou gradually became the new leader of the West. King Wu of Zhou Jin joined separate ways in the League princes, and the Joint South-West region and the Jianghan basin minorities, and the military battle in commercial business are on the outskirts of Makino. "Book of History ? Mushi" contains: "Yong, Shu, Qiang, micro, bang, Lu, Peng, Bo eight countries, all barbarians Rong and Di." People Zhou Bo Yong Zhou cutting, organized southern Sichuan Yibin in the vicinity of the Han, Miao, soil, passengers in multi-ethnic and other ethnic war, Bo were chieftains charged with the responsibility of organizational leadership.
After Makino's post-war demise of the Shang, Western Zhou Dynasty to consolidate the regime of slavery, the implementation of well-field system and the packet system. Bo Zhou Wuwangfazhou people with active, tribal chiefs was given the title Bo Hou, established Bo States, Bo States jurisdiction for Shunan Yibin and the northeastern part of the area in Yunnan Province. "No, and County County" contains: "Rong Zhou, Yugong okrug of the domain, the ancient Bo States." "Tongdian ? gun 6" in mind: "Rong state, so Bo Hou." Bo States in the Spring and Autumn period Bashu two neighboring countries with close economic Bashu two state-owned cultural exchanges.
Bo who have long possessed a considerable victory over nature, the ability to transform nature. According to legend, the widow of Fuling were "Qing", we must rely for its refining cinnabar Employment Bo Tong received the financial resources of giant million to help the emperor to complete dominance in the coming unification, the only emperor to commemorate his great benefactor for her construction of the "Huai-Qing Taiwan";
316 BC, the Qin Mie Bashu two countries, home bar, Shu, Hanzhong Tri-County. After the Qin Dynasty unified the establishment of a centralized autocratic system, in the central set up a "Excellencies," "Jiuqing", at the local establishment of prefectures and counties, the former country, the main Bo Shujun transferred to the jurisdiction, set to Bo Road, County government Yibin is located Sanjiangkou today, Bo Hou Yibin sanjiangkou preserved temple. In order to further develop and operate, "Xinan Yi", the court also sent regular E generals of Shu Qin Li Bing, punctuality, Jun-ha tu pass along the Minjiang River to the present Bo Road city of Yibin, Yibin southwest by the extension, amendment to the present Yunnan Qujing a total length of more than 2300 kilometers, because the road width of 5 feet, called the "Five Foot Road." Amid the autumn drizzle XiXi underground sound, I'm walking in the Gongxian County Mu Tan Xiang, Wang Li Po in the vicinity of the town four primeval forest, the really seek a Canbai met with the "Five Foot Road" remains. Quartzite on the iron, "Shui to climb the child" (Bo were carrying something heavy for the rest of the crutch support care) nails stuck trace marks clear and debate. Emperor Han Wu Chien-yuan six years (BC 135), the court again on "Nan Yi" to large-scale development, and sent envoys to convince the mountains in Guizhou and Yibin in southern part of the vassal State Joining the Han Dynasty Yelang, then split Pakistan, Shu, together with the additional qianwei Yelang part of the gun position. Emperor Han Wu You Qian Tang Meng, "Fat Prachuap Khiri Khan Governance, since the Dow ewe ke Bo Jiang, construction of a road in Guizhou, Yunnan, 'Nan Yi Road'." A large number of Han migration from the Central Plains to the settlement, it became the Ba and Shu Bo border of the country an economic, political and cultural center. According to legend, when the Provisional Qiong Han businessman Cho Wang-sun, at home 3,000 young adults Bo were slaves, salt and iron for his cooking, farming wine, which "family-owned giant 10000, rich proud princes" has become the richest man renowned on Shuzhong . Little do they know as the Western Han Dynasty Sima Xiangru gifted with the beautiful Shu Zhong Zhuo Wenjun loyal love to witness the "Search" wine is brewed by the Bo people out. Han envoy Zhang Qian to someone in India who have also met with Bo production of bamboo handicrafts, accidentally eat betel Bo people in Taiwan when the praise.
Bo's political system is the evolution of the original prototype, generally experienced the chiefs ─ ─ ─ ─ Zhaizhu affairs; King (chief) ─ ─ Xiao Wang (sub-champion) ─ ─ ─ ─ Zhaitou headman and other forms Gongxian County Under the Bo Luo village, where people have built over the old Bao Zhai, Stone Township, there are all Zhai, Xing-wen County Jianwu or streets within the the last known person to Guanzhai ... ... Bo has a number of bronze drums of the amount of wealth and power on behalf of the size of the , "Sui Shu ? Geography" contains: "Since I Lingnan 20 counties ... ... Zhu Liao (Bo people) to bronze as a drum." Liu Xian-Ming will be leading the troops after the capture of nine silk mountain, "... ..., A big sobbing, saying: drum Macros are for, it can be easy to kN, times were 7, 800, may drum 2, three structures can be called the Wang, Drum Mountain, group quite complete set of exercises had been carry on. drum missing, then the Man Yun-end carry on. " Bo's drums being used to cooking devices, ritual vessels, musical instruments, the most important role is the equivalent of the Central Plains court Chuan-Guo Yu-xi, is a symbol of authority is a symbol of wealth. The organization within the system less subject to drums and more drums, no drums on the common people.
Bo, who has had no written language, but their folk songs and dances and oral literature and the arts more widely. Bo person has singing and dancing talents, their song and dance permeated all aspects of production and living. "Summer is the beginning of yu see Lone Star, to Temple-ling Wang on the southeast." This means that the time when the Lone Star appears to Imjin this day, people should gather in the south-east of Yan Emperor worship place, held a "happy Chidi" large-scale song and dance ceremony. They also often make-up sorcerer's dance in the rain, singing and dancing events and other large game God. Ma embankments in Gongxian County there are two of the rock shaped like the Bo people were dancing rock art, dance of the beautiful, amazing, guessing may be dinner guests, to celebrate the festivals of the carnival scene itself.
Bo people are good at telling stories, probably because there was no written record, must rely on memory and brain processing owes something! Their folklore is very exciting, there is a dog-li exploits, poly follow the king three daughters, reflecting the Bo people "dog totem" culture legend; a flood propagation densely siblings married, reflecting the legend of the original next of kin marriages, there were old Bo A Milk is full of enlightenment to implement coffin burial and other magical and romantic pursuit of folk tales ... .... And from generation to generation, enduring, my reveries of ancient Bo rest of the mountain country, river, ridge on the mountain can be heard everywhere, vivid in everybody's lips.
After death of this nation, neither with the burial, cremation, burial or Shuizang need not, but the coffin placed on top of a precipice. With regard to the history books record of Bo who Cliff is very rare, was first seen in the Southern Dynasties Liang, Chen Gu Ye Wang of the time when academics in mind, "Sichuan History" records "Gong states (Gongxian County) has seat coffin Hill, formerly the home for the Bo Man , try on the cliff-side stone quarry Zheng nails, coffin on it, thinking that Kat. " In the Bo people's minds, the ancestors should live forever in the hearts of younger people, the remains of ancestors to save the more long-term, the more shade-woo future generations can thrive, thus coffin burial was a good luck symbol.
Cliff buried in China's Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan and Taiwan provinces are distributed in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific islands have also been found on the coffin before burial. Ancient China Southern peoples Baiyue, dry Yue, Kui Yue, 100 Pu, Liao people, Bo people (both fortune people) nation has coffin burial customs. However, came thousands of years of vicissitudes of history, save the planet today, most concentrated and most complete coffin on the left Gongxian County, who coffin of Bo. I wonder if this is a gift of God or the inevitability of history.
Gongxian County, Sichuan Yibin City, Ma embankments known as "China's coffin burial natural museum." The 10 km long, 2 km wide strip of the flat dam, lined on both sides of a uniform level of 23 Danxia peaks and ridges, which hung 23 Mineiwa 270 well-preserved coffin. Respectively, three kinds of shapes, one stakes bearing type; 2 is a natural cave type; third hole drilled rock type. The cliffs on the Fu Dongzhe soul ascend to heaven I do not know or be condemned to hell, or the same as the gossamer soul soul is still fleeting ups and downs. However, this survival of the coffin, down into future generations can pay tribute and study of ancient Bo national history only physical evidence, so that through the ages to the possible transmission of the mystery.
History has always been relentless. The great 20th century British historian Arnold ? J ? Toynbee, in his monograph, "Historical Research", a book said: "... ... in that it damages society into a unified nation, it due to excessive use of force and destroyed himself. " Long way in the long history of this nation in order to survive and develop. For freedom and equality, is always to resist the oppression ─ ─ ─ ─ subjected to repression; and then again against the risk of further oppression ─ ─ ─ ─ further repression of opposition ─ ─ ─ ─ further destruction or overthrow the old rule. History on the way out of this cycle appears to how pale and weak. Only the hospital, according to Lin Ming Han Ren Han Jing Yan officials say "pretty flat monument," it reads: "Ming Xing two hundred years, the Wang Shih-sets and discuss the crime, before the hundreds of war, as of no success. Cover nine silk a natural barrier, Wang Dajun each do not dare to enter. " Bo who purported to want to win against the freedom and equality, the court wanted to come to training services through the repression of the people, it is regrettable that the first year of the Wanli a day, the two sides operate in excess of the limits of the development of things. How the rule of the people side surgery rubber band, like shells, too, and on the scrapped. History often is impermanent, it does not according to the will of a person, or even the authority of a monarch, policy improvement, we can assume is called the world is such and such is not the case ... .... Such lessons and inspiration in China's ancient and contemporary, and even the world's ancient and contemporary, it seems that lingering frustration and confusion.
Ming Longqing years, due to the court to force the Bo-ming, who inhabited "the Qing Dynasty flow", sent to the Bo Han Chinese officials have made use of ethnic discrimination policy, it is already an atmosphere of air filled floor Ming court, those who bathe Huang Yan and high officials who hook or by crook, but corrupt and decadent extravagance. Sichuan Ming official Wang Hao to kill a person 270 Bo Zhai Zhu, lit the fuse long-standing grudges, have died in anti-Bo is not anti-death dilemma is also under the Catch a Fire, is indeed forcing people to rebel, people have to counter - . Year 1573 was bombed by Zhang Juzheng, Mr. Tseng and other feudal landlords and bureaucratic power to send the bloody massacres. Unexpected outcome of the matter is really simple, but a matter of course to meet the wishes of the ruling class. In just three months time, has scored inside the celestial mountain, were Walled surprise all the fighting nine silk town of Bo who was eventually eliminate the Ming Dynasty. Bo Hou survive in the world when you have more than 2,600 years, after a long struggle with the dazzling bright after the legendary Bo's Evening camel arrived. A bloody extermination, a grim battle each other, and a burst angle Drums away, and this strange nation, but also from the long river of history, permanently disappeared. Has left a long and miserable dirge and a host of future generations of intractable questions.
Bo were in the end is from that family is the source of up to? Why should OK coffin burial? Flemingia how the coffin placed on a high rock up to? Ancient red rock paintings have to tell anything about it? Today the descendants of Bo's security in the zai? All of this has yet to call-in to the world to explore.
This is thousands of years Beifeng melancholy rain will continue to transpiration. I believe that one day, Bo people and Cliff's mystery will be solved one by one nation in the history of turn-tim s by color, when the ancient civilization of Bo people to get out of the ancient glory Bo Hou.
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