1
In the past, I have been puzzled: Beyond the Great Wall to the Summer Resort of Chengde Mingzao home and abroad, since it is summer place, a total which is very cool, and why happens Tam had a "hot" name? - Those who come here in the summer, and have a common feeling: Hot!
My trip to Chengde, but also just in time for the hot day. One out of the air-conditioned train, it really felt heat rushing toward us. People laughing and joking to amusing children, said: "It's hot enough, and no wonder the last call 'r.'!" As a result, the "summer" and longing, the first since the fall through the.
However, the scenery was quite Qili Chengde, after all, is "under the name of non-empty." Heard you said "Outer Eight Temples", is really a golden glamor Qi Yu extraordinary, suddenly blurred eyes of the visitors. At that time, the famous philosopher Hegel could not have visited here to regret. He was deported from the United Kingdom notes written by Chinese envoy, we see the records on the Mountain Resort, infinitely fascinating, said: "This Queen's garden with the other to any garden, especially in Europe very different from the garden. ... ... Around it noble to those specifications The temple, people can see the emperor's intentions throughout Asia. "
Then there is the hot springs gush anywhere, "Waterways" have documented. Li Tao Yuan Chi also mentioned the name of a superb view beyond the Great Wall of innate - is shaped like an inverted rod hammer hammer Qing-feng, said to be "Ting-yun Shi Ju, highly 100 Ren." It is said that Africa, Namibia also has a similar Shi Feng, locals call it "God's thumb." This turned out to the "big stick hammer," whether it is naturally occurring, that is the product of orogeny, or really talked about as the legend, from which the immortal placed in there? Is really puzzling. Do not want to matter whether or Villa go first discuss a "understand" bar.
One thing we all did not expect the outside heat Liao muscle Sunburn skin, however, walked into a door of the Summer Resort, "Korea at the main entrance," but feel a Shuangqi pleasant. May be due to the compound wall of the heat shielding on the outside; may be sprinkled all over the towering trees of the shade;, of course, there is a psychological factor is the hospital buildings dark gray tone, such as the burning of splashed around the world under the Yi Piao cool. Accustomed to looking at the Royal Palace in Beijing Redwall yellow top, magnificent, Zha Yi went to the shady trees in the elegant simplicity of tone, brick and gray tiles, not the Imperial Villa Shih painted, immediately produce a tranquil, Qing Xu's感觉.
At that time, Jiaqing Emperor has taken note of this point, and he was a "solution indignant," the poem wrote:
Hard into the outside Ru Shu Mei, Villa bedtime yet to be.
Where is unusual both inside and outside? Only the landscape between the edge of Royal Park.
... ...
Chengde Mountain Resort, as the imperial summer palace in the Qing Dynasty, Relieves summer heat and enjoy the cool air, ventilation caused by cool, naturally it is the primary characteristic. The entire palace complex is set in the mountains between the ring of water around the vast majority of halls are Fu Yin Yang holds, in the lush flowers and trees, waterfront retreat of the land, reaching Dongnuanxialiang requirements.
Villa In addition to the larger environment with special strengths in addition to a variety of building design, construction, also a see ingenuity. For example, to the ventilation, the main halls, including the Palace Tan Bo is Keswick Hall, Orient House agreement in Qinzheng Palace, Temple chambers Enpa caused by cool, have set up before and after the relative "passageway"; Moreover, parody of local residential areas, a number of halls of an set up "activity window", you can always Zhi Kai, you can Insertion and removal is not only a good light, but also to facilitate ventilation. Sleep pillows, bedding, curtain hanging scroll colors, in order to Koshiro, light green, Zhu Qing, and other cold pale pinkish purple color, the middle of the main color; even the halls of embedded hanging works of art, have adopted the pine, bamboo and plum, "three friends of winter" and other style cold patterns, to create a fresh, chic mood.
We went into a paper entitled "Tan Bo Keswick" positive Miyaji hall, highlighting the feeling is cool and Run cool. This the "throne room" of the reputation of the hall all built with Phoebe, despite 200 years of wind and rain erosion, still exudes refreshing fragrance of Phoebe. As Kang, dry at the occasion of the regular venue for major events, the importance of the Taihe Dian Imperial Palace in Beijing is not under, but, they dubbed the rich connotation of spirituality Yue Yang's name, along with gray bricks Suwat does not matter Danqing The body, it gives it a touch of elegance and leisurely the mood, digestion of the kind of momentum that takes away people, the majesty of imperial power and the imperial palace of depression often feel.
Two
There is no doubt that there is indeed an ideal summer holidays lies. However, if we simply believe that this grand space art entity, that is sent to do this handy, then a big mistake and the special wrong.
Villa, condensed a Qing, but it's creating, but it is, and Emperor Kangxi linked.
The habitual residence of Emperor Kangxi Beyond the Great Wall, he liked the Mid-Autumn Mochizuki, has written two "Moon" of the Seven-:
Shortage of low-Night Plug-day cream, a moon photo bleak.
Yuyu King House is not greedy to see, alone in the grounds outside the Jiang-ya corner.
Laurel pure light hanging Bitian, Yunkai Wanli plug a smoke-free.
Deposited far from the people support or oppose government, but in chip side and Ren-Xian.
Previous one, focusing on the state and poetry, expressing the emperors of the interest of the ingenious: not covet your neighbor Kokonoe Danbi, Yuyu King House of splendor, noble, but be vigilant in peace, good governance, exposure to famine beyond the Great Wall-ya to deal with the strengths of an edge event. After the one from the King and reasonable, and come to understanding of regularity. Gui hoisted the face of frogs, one finally clear blue sky thousands of miles of the King and edge-fung do not move, and the purple plug Shengping smoke-free weather, he thought the relationship between policy and strategy with popular support, and Goldmine to the Rise and Fall of the eternal reason, it is necessary want to "Hop inside and outside of the heart, as the consolidation of the industry", one in the solid side, that is, the implementation of appropriate national policies and establish a strong national defense; two, within the rule, it is necessary to choose the elite of the officials.
Emperor Kangxi deeply understand that throughout history the border restless, mostly in the north, often starting from the scourge of no fixed abode of the nomads. Therefore, the deal mainly with the northern Mongolian ethnic relations is the early Qing Dynasty, a medium-term basic national policy. At that time, Tsarist Russia, the tentacles of aggression and expansion has been extended to areas of Heilongjiang, which caused a high degree of vigilance and to his deep concerns. Thus, in the pacification of the South's "San Francisco's chaos," his Bianba shifts its focus to the north, proceed to counter the Tsarist Russia's invasion and unification of the Mongolian Ministry of E Lute. All of these are dependent on carrying forward the nation's martial tradition of the inherent tenacity to keep fighting the Eight Banners Army. To this end, he insisted that was built by the emperor, the northern exit, the paddock Shooters system, and in the Xilin Gol, ju ud, Zhuosuo map and Chahar area circle circumference of 650 kilometers was built, with a total area of Magnolia paddock, about ten thousand square kilometers in order to Xian Xi-riding and shooting, training troops and horses, yingyang Wuwei.
Beyond the Great Wall has become the court, taking into account the main activity area, Kangxi forty-two years (AD 1703), selected to build Rehe Mountain Resort. Because this has a "left-Tongliao Shen, right cited Hui Bu, North press Mongolia, nam world" of geographic location, is to communicate the Central Plains and Northeast, direct Heilongjiang, Nerchinsk, connecting within the Outer Mongolia to go through channels. Moreover, the heat Hebei take magnolia paddock to the south from the capital very close to Station passing bad instruments, but the two-day round trip; if the "500 years rush" to send the Emperor Zhao Yu, went so far as can be Zhaofaxizhi.
General to create a garden, the purpose is to create an ideal living environment. Ancient royal gardens even more so, nothing more than the emperor to provide travel Fortunately, the open living, pleasure-seeking, Autumn art space. And Summer Resort to the construction, then break through this limitation, with heavy political overtones.
Hegel is indeed a Kuangshi old philosopher, he was acutely aware of the summer resort distinguishes this garden, especially from the "noble temples around those specifications," shows a "large Asian emperor's intentions." It turned out that Emperor Kangxi in order to safeguard national unity and achieving national unity and to create a summer resort as the foothold of the garden buildings, adopted a "condensed Heaven and Earth" realistic creative approach to China geography, geomorphology, topography as a blueprint to create a China unified image, atmosphere. For example, the dredging of local meandering stream flows south-east Lake District 3, to symbolize the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Pearl River 3. Build tall grassland in the north, the south side of the earth embankment, east lake, just west foothills to symbolize the Great Wall. Meanwhile, a number of luxurious Villa Chijian around temples, rendering a thick atmosphere of religious mystery, to symbolize the frontier of all ethnic groups arch Stars On, Spirit in the court. From the artistic effect of view, is very particular, and not only effectively fill the space and beautify the environment, but also realized the landscape architecture of the internal and external harmony and unity.
Always, religion and national inextricably linked. In the summer resort of the 16 temples, including Tibetan Buddhism, the Central Plains Buddhist, folk polytheistic faith, Islam, and Confucian Chung-Ju, and many buildings and worship nature, content, and that do very gorgeous, spectacular, becoming the north, the north-west and south-west frontier of all nationalities liturgy and ceremony, where pilgrims aspire to. This luxurious, grand spirit and rich in the natural taste of the Villa naive within the minimalist style, in sharp contrast to exactly reflects the early Qing Dynasty emperors g have studied body, Chong Park, yet simple, a pioneering spirit and thin to thick orthodox to, preferential treatment Outlying Prefectures of policies and strategies. The intention is of far-reaching.
In Chinese history, as the court's policy failures, border nomads always gave the ruling regime in Central China caused by a strong threat; except the Qing Dynasty, for the purposes of frontier conquest and the nation is not simply the hands and the pro, but to take "difficult to teach because of their the vulgar, "" because of vulgar habits of governance "and the imperial authority higher than the religious right policies, strategies, and thus has achieved great success in the country has formed a Qing emperor as the center of Manchu, Han, Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui top of all ethnic groups co-feudal dictatorship.
The boundless and located on the geographical location of the terms beyond the Great Wall, where the original life of the region, and Manchu, survival status closer together. Although the Qing emperors to deal with in this same official, hard-working state affairs, however, no matter from which point of view, than the palace in Beijing, the Chengde Mountain Resort Daoshi really like a garden, so a home. Hisai In the meantime, since the return home will have a life sense of belonging.
That undulating ridges and peaks, vast Jiao Yuan, gurgle of streams, Lili vegetation, no doubt closer to the blood from the ancestors, they would feel very relieved, very warm. It appears that any person, including the emperor, including, we can not cut the roots off the main vein. Animals and plants are the same, relying on the main vein closer, branches and leaves, and flesh and blood have become increasingly bigger and bigger and increasingly vibrant, and a pulse when away from the root, it will lose its vitality, the final asymptotic also withered, cut off angry.
Three
Left the palace area, we have entered a particularly scenic ingenuity of the Court, here is the Summer Resort wider world. If we say that the construction of the Imperial Villa is mainly out of political needs, then, for the Court, scenic setting, it is 10000 in order to play a few of the leisure enjoy the scenery, pleasant refreshing. Here lake changes, the pavilion set off, Chau smells, flowers and trees and verdant, the landscape is the center of Villa fully reflect the kings and nobles greed Huan pleasures, indulgence Jiaoshe the other side. Of course, the kind of "concentrated Heaven and Earth", to be famous all over the landscape of the idea of imitation in itself embodies the spirit of the unified China.
Classical garden architecture clearly reflects the mood of people's lives and spiritual rhythms of the form. Through this piece of art world, we can interpret the traditional taste and aesthetic sense of life to find spiritual culture, either directly or indirectly. As a rise in the north-east border of the Manchu rulers, and then through the cause of the country benefited from the Central Plains Ampang Chinese culture are real and more natural, for the Chinese culture studies and receive, interest is also very thick. Manifested in the landscape construction, south scenery in the north, the North-South integration is the most prominent features. Kang, two emperor repeatedly Xunxing dry south, deep view of the South Mu show, will urge workers to make artist painted, carrying scenery in the north, give prominence to the surface being caught are now some large garden.
In the Lake District, there are imitation Lake Sudi, Shiratsutsumi diameter of the Chi-yun embankment, imitation stone stool Fuchunjiang Yan Ziling Angeles Guan Yu, imitation of Suzhou Canglang Ting's Canglang islands, imitation Shaoxing Shen Garden Cailing crossing and many other landscapes . Plain areas and mountain areas Kado benefits ching, Ho Pu between thought, Seifu green islands, Kaju Xuan, serpent eagles Cloud Temple, are the King in the southern shift; and water park, Changshu has clouds, Suzhou's enterprises yunting , Qian Chi snow, Hangzhou, cloud, Zhan Tan Lin, Fang Heting, it is even the name together with a King moved into the Villa.
South Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, mandarin ducks on the island Yanyu Lou, from Du Mu's "Southern 480 Temple, the number of tower Rain in the" poetic. Summer Villa Yanyu Lou, both to take Du Mu's poetry, but also pick the beauty of Jiaxing. Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, the four faces to see Jiaxing Nazuo water, scenery weather Yanyu Lou Qinghua extraordinary, Chen Mu Yu smoke is particularly spectacular, gave high extol, will urge to make artist portray, can work to build imitation, and finally Lake in the Hills Cheng Center Qinglian Island, to this building, erected Taiwan lifelike manner.
This time, we are in the water of the East Room hearts pavilion to see the garden, Lion Grove. I think, Does it mean that it is modeled from Suzhou come from? One to read the recipe, and indeed not bad. It turned out that in the south of Suzhou Lion Grove garden rockery is the majestic momentum and Dong He twists and turns deep to win; and to create a variety of rockery form of a lion, visitors hole, such as into the maze, plus all around tower Hin House and Marble Boat pavilions and other beautiful buildings, so that famous garden reputation were much more vigorous. Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, he stay there for a long time, reluctant to part can not bear to leave, determined to Summer Resort modeled a similar scene absolutely beyond the Great Wall. The ambitious emperor even bigger appetite, he once said, Rehe Mountain Resort since its creation, the "prosperous residents and merchants gathered, the signs of prosperous city of chan actually a cosmopolitan city, a few similarities with the south of the Wu gate of heaven , that the 'Beyond the Great Wall of small Suzhou' is not no ears. "
Back in the throne before he once followed his grandfather came to Villa many times. Since that time still a child just begun to learn, so no deep impression. Following the sixth place, his first time in streets for the emperor in his capacity as imperial Villa, immediately assigned two poems:
Han Xiang Feng dangling Green Wave spent Masayoshi when Fu Shu 3,
Term visitors, "Guan Shanyue" rest complain, look at south north great wall.
Ryoka Ling Sanemitsu ponds, Taniguchi wind to whisk Sao incense.
Why Romanian Jiang Qi months, see Saibei Shuiyun Township.
"Guan Shanyue," Han Dynasty, Wang blowing Names, from literary novels, content to write frontier fortress garrison soldiers in a long time away from the blame does not belong to hurt other scenarios. Chinese Wang Changling "comfort line" has "more blown Qiang Di," Guan Shanyue, "and that Kim's apartment thousands of miles without worry," the sentence. Emperor Qianlong's poetry poetic turn used this layer. 2 Seven-thrust, he has said Hill is "Saibei Jiangnan." It is precisely because there are southern Saibei, therefore, cautioned people not to write the word do not hurt and resentment from the "Guan Shanyue," a song. He has written is also beyond the Great Wall, but also wrote a month, we may control about Emperor Kangxi's two "Beyond the Great Moon" is poetry, and study their great-grandfather in the conception differences.
Emperor Qianlong's poetry not much taste, it should be admitted that he felt was good. Walking trails in the Chi-yun an embankment, and wishful states, Lengxiang Court watertight sea, indeed there is a sense of southern exposure. Imagination, a Fumiomi Ascot lead in the romantic emperor under the code of dress Grace, looked chic, lean on a railing far eyes, enjoy the scenery of poems, it is difficult to put them with that Qingqi Shooters, brave and tenacious people linked. Mind not help but gush a remark: "It's one that is: the female of the man; southern charm!"
Four
Originally, the Manchu is a riding and shooting in north China hunting world, chivalrous decisions based on people. However, after entering off for decades, with an Si Jing Sui, Cheng-ping the course of time, has not easy to see past the scene of the Prancing Horse Hengdao. Especially in fighting the insurgency Wu Sangui pacified the old days, known for bravery and combat skills of the Eight Banners Army, still there were all sorts of recession Xiu defeated the symptoms. Many of the generals, when closed there is no Morishiro Bazhai ambition; some Jiuzhan the famous battle, one heard to launching the war, even plead illness exemption request; some deserted; What is more, self-made wounds, the withdrawal of the front , "one person sick, dozens of people took the opportunity to return Fu Jing." Only thirteen years to fourteen years in the Kangxi year, since the Coronel Mesquita, taking part to the governors, prefect of these senior officials, as much more than 30 defections over to the enemy.
All these dangerous trillion-side, so that Emperor Kangxi of deep Zi Jie Ti, was extremely worried. As a result, decided to straighten out the Eight Banners and soldiers severely, first prince Huang Sun, rigorous training for the children of royal clan. Expressly provides that prince, royal clan children, from six years old must be practitioners bow horse;-year-old after the test each year to participate in force, the examination by the prince, military ministers presided over by the prince take the lead in the first shot for the imperial clan, Wenwubaiguan to model.
He sternly admonished: "My country Gong Shi stability to the country, how can there be on the 1st of waste-wu!" Provisions of twenty years from the reign of Emperor Kangxi (AD 1681), the annual North patrol on a regular basis, organizing thousand cavalry, archers, go far 800 Magnolia Lane away from the capital martial arts Shooters paddock. Hunting activities and operations as very hard. He see this as the best training in the activities of the armed forces, but also temper the will and strength Prince Huangsun a big melting pot.
Every time the mountain hunter, Kangxi empire lasted only Riding, lead a prince, Chen Liao, and separate ways force and courage of the Xiong Hu, issued the first vector. Before and after he reached 48 times out of Wai, for each 20 days of calculation, only magnolia paddock, on the Hunting of the more than 1000 days.
However, everything has its own inherent laws of development, it is not to a person (even an influential generation of male primary) will be deflected. Moreover, in many cases is exactly contrary effect and desire to counter the so-called "species under the dragon species, while the harvest is the flea."
Summer Resort creation, Emperor Kangxi's original intention is to promote the ancestral warrior traditions and the spirit of the unified China to carry out a variety of activities conducive to the consolidation of the border; while to "Qianlong Sheng", then its main function into a reward knighthoods, summoned all ethnic groups leaders, to carry out diplomatic activities to promote the country Tianwei. That is, it has been from the previous years "weapons of criticism" gradually evolved into welcome dinner sets, singing and dancing Cheng Huan. Villa in Qingyin Ge, a cloud of the stage, these professionals for the emperor when the concept of park home theater use facilities, has demonstrated to us the message. Emperor Qianlong's birthday in August 13 for the Lunar New Year, it is summer season in the Villa. Therefore, in addition, "every ten days," Daqing, to return to the capital to celebrate, usually the annual birthday celebrations, including the seven-ten days Shou Qing, are held in the Villa. And the Kangxi era "Autumn paddock soldiers on" the sword Zheng-Hui, cloud flag meandering trend that corresponds to this interpersonal Shengge night, dance color colorful became Villa's another landscape.
Jiaqing Di's life was full of turmoil restless. Deng Jiyi beginning, we catch up with the Hubei, Sichuan, White Lotus believers armed uprising; then off into the assassination took place in the court, justice Catholics break the door of the dangers ban made him the number of overnight shock. Twenty-five years in office, actually went to the Villa seventeen or eighteen times, the aim is obviously different from the martial ancestors, chip side. Called the fall hunting, but in reality to find a quiet environment, hiding, finally, simply in Villa's chambers where the "Dragon Yu-Bin days" of the.
Forty years later, his descendant encountered a similar outcome with him, but even worse fate. - British and French troops attacked Beijing, Xianfeng Emperor panic the temple, fled to Rehe palace from the "summer" to "asylum" in order to illnesses caused by the footer huddled in Enpa cool dark corner of a hall, in the humiliating " Royal Assent, "the right of a few mourning lost ground after the traitorous treaty, quietly bid farewell to dead.
Compared to the Kangxi and Qianlong pair of great-grandfather, the Jiaqing, Xianfeng this pair of great-grandfather, really seems useless hundredfold, a hundred times unlucky. If then there are "nine pounds of Granny," then, fear was a long to lament that "generation is worse than" the.
Sun gradually restrained inflammation steaming summer heat, clouds were not scattered to surf with, Villa Lane blowing bursts of wind in the pines. While still lighting Jiaohui everywhere, but the taupe of the evening mist has hidden the horizon now. Chime hammers peak has been dyed a purple twilight sunset purple, solemn and quiet manner stands in the Mountain.
Looking at this picture of a Tianzaodishe of a carefully written, that Emperor Kangxi of "hammer-Feng Luo Zhao" as Hill 36 King of the 12th King, is a very large discerning. Just that, setting sun, though good, almost dusk. Xianfeng as the last generation of the Qing emperor into the Hills, died Enpa letter from his cool hall, to the fall of the Qing Dynasty, only half a century. In this sense, the landscape may well be the late Qing Dynasty made of a bleak projection.
