Modern mainlanders, because with knowledge of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Dunhuang Mogao Caves are also a result of recent renowned overseas. But the Mogao Grottoes began digging in the fourth century to 1900, we were able to world attention, but as early as the Han Dynasty in Dunhuang, that is 100 years BC, the city has been in the northwest. Number Code can not be one's ancestors.
How in the name, history books have recorded more. But I look at Dunhuang County Museum of Case-based best image of the female instructors, she said Tang Dunhuang fifteenth the size of the civil Lantern Festival, second only to Chang'an, the country's second!
Mogao Grottoes of the sinking, I am afraid the time depends on the prosperity of Dunhuang, otherwise where would incense? The Mogao Grottoes had been dug as early as the fourth century, but also because it was tolerant of Dunhuang culture, geography and the environment.
Mogao Grottoes for the cave. Buddhism was started in India, but in India it is only when one of the six major religious denomination. In this six denominations, the most Buddhist penetration alone, so they can spread very far radiation. Asoka India during the same period that the Chinese emperor had sent a large number of monks went to countries in promoting the Dharma.
Emperor Wu of Han, when operating in Hexi, Buddhism for the Western Region has many ethnic groups, including the Huns accepted. Dunhuang is the end of the Hexi Town, is the Han Jiang Xi Guan (the Yang Guan and yumenguan), directly facing the Western Regions, at that time became the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions contacts between countries, fighting headquarters. After a thousand years, no matter what what North Korea's, which the national rule, Dunhuang, this position has never been highlight.
Dunhuang in China for many years a multi-believers, all nationalities miscellaneous office integration, the East to the West to the cultural climate and production techniques are easily compatible with acceptance. So, to say Buddhism in China, was first landing in Dunhuang should not be an exaggeration.
Mogao Grottoes have proved to be drilled as early as 353 years. When the Tang Dynasty, between 500 years. The experts made comments during this period as the Mogao Grottoes and the murals of the most brilliant, have at different times, different nationalities distinctive features of the image features and techniques, art historians the value of the highest value. That is the characteristics of the Dunhuang area, but also is an early Buddhist wisdom, warm character.
During this period, war-ridden region of Dunhuang, different dynasties, different nationalities, you come to me to continue to have entanglement. Strange is not strange that no one disturbing the Mogao Grottoes, but are by cutting, leaving rolling destruction. It is very difficult to come by.
So today all the Mogao Grottoes at that time concept created by colorful carvings and murals, the more is the Ambilight, the form and content of the performance is also very lively and extensive. The Buddha's nose-bridge quasi-barbarian Qi, Chinese soft fullness of the Buddha. Murals are also mostly Bunsen, after changing the story of art, that the on-screen flowers, flying dance pavilions and fascination. They are meditating Buddha, with a smile, no awe-inspiring as the mainland of the Buddha are heavy.
Mogao Caves excavated from the fourth century to the sixteenth century, no longer by the hammer and the experience of twelve centuries. That is such a long era of theory is the spectacle of human beings. 12 century, Hexi, and even China has not only Buddhist community, even if the customs sector, the military, paintings, clothing, ethnicity, customs, architecture and so on at different times of the evolution of caves in the Mogao Grottoes are described and documented years. Therefore, it is our national treasure.
Regrettably, the fifteenth century, the Silk Road flourished no longer exist, the orthodox twelve years in the Ming Ying (1447), waste Sha Chau Wei (Dunhuang, said), moved his congregation to the mainland; to the Ming Jiajing three years (1524 ), but is closed Jiayu Guan, Dunhuang abandoned, Kuang-free build.
Mogao Grottoes in the Tang Dynasty, there were 1000 Cave, said Thousand Buddha Caves. Finally, there is the yuan by digging a dynasty, just by cutting 10 caves. The late Qing dynasty, quicksand waste, block, chaotic destroyed, the remaining numbered more than 400 full caves.
Mogao Grottoes is declining, have slowly disappeared in the eyes of people.
The Buddhism (including the Yellow Sect) at this time has been broadcast in China, a vast mass, even when the state religion in order to appear. Even if it can demonstrate to the mainland Mogao Grottoes, their early style of Man-ling also for the teaching congregation of the acceptable? And the Tang Dynasty, Mogao Grottoes atmosphere Kusakabe, has also been a lack of early artistic splendor of the.
If it is not 1900 Cangjing Dong, which is now numbered 17, the cave has been brought to light Wangdao Shi opened, for fear the Mogao Grottoes will continue unknown go on?
The discovery of the Dunhuang again be attracted worldwide attention, as well as 17 holes in possession of tens of thousands of pieces of cultural relics, actually leads to a "Dunhuang"!

As the Mogao Grottoes towards the east, Wang Daoshi can notice the light shining under the gap, it should be in the morning. Cave No. 16, he cleaned to remove accumulated sand. Cave No. 16 built in the late Tang Dynasty, is not a very typical cave. Through an approximately 5-meter-long corridor into the room made of stone, stone chamber dedicated to something, visitors usually do not pay attention, because they entered the cave, we must rush to see the divine secret of the corridor on the right.
In 1900, the Boxer trouble, and Boxer Rebellion display its power, and Empress fled the capital, and China that year on a number of these that counts. But this has nothing to do with Wang Daoshi 1900, one morning, he did according to his usual thing. He swept the sweep forward on the right side of the corridor found that the gap so that he is very curious. This is definitely not for Wang Daoshi gap suddenly split, only Wang Daoshi less scrupulous than others, trying to shift the responsibility for that history left Wangdao Shi. The Wang Daoshi origin of farmers, he knew that the general should be cracked mud. Why do the stone walls in this corridor there will be mud? Curiosity drove him to the hole extended this gap, which look incredible, like Zhao Benshan, said in the skit, the skies split Li soon as the sound of Cave No. 17, was born! That response is deafening sound in the Wangdao Shi's chest, he must be stunned!
Cave No. 17 is later incorporated a number, formerly known as Cangjing Dong.
By the faint light, he found this little pierced ears where filled with several feet of paper models of high, a bunch of bunch of. These paper models, and later scholars in Beijing, Tokyo, London and other places to see, yes, very precious, from the fourth century recorded in 12-century paintings, texts, instruments, religious objects and so on, the majority is written Chinese language, in part, written in Tibetan, there are a number of other ethnic languages. However, Wang Daoshi do not know, he has never had books, characters did not know a few. It seems there is no treasure cave, if there are treasures that he would not for the subsequent transfer to these artifacts into the provincial disaster has, or he would not report to Guanfu.
He reported that the Guanfu have a governor Wang Zonghan Dunhuang in power. Wang to view some even say, OK, good, readily picked away pieces of dynasty, scriptures, will urge Wang Daoshi keep a good rest, there is no further progress. In 1902, when Gansu Xuezheng YE Chang-chi, called stone experts, from Cang Jingdong Wang Zonghan gift sent as part of the examination paper, to see lot of value, they recommended that custody of all the objects transported to the provincial capital. However, a freight operator to 5, 6200 silver, the Government can not even come out, they delayed. In 1904, the provincial government order, is still to make Dunhuang County, indecent, local archive, and still Wangdao Shi custody. A Taoist priest, became Guanci? This is unbelievable. And the next six years until 1910, the MLC, the capital of heritage Cangjing Dong, Wang Daoshi seems to finally shed this responsibility. There is no other explanation, can only say that does not value these artifacts. Chinese cultural relics, such as the vast sea, if it is Ba Da paintings, Mi Fu's words, it is estimated there would be no such response. Given that the authorities are to this approach, you let Wang Daoshi what can they do?
No information on Wang Daoshi keeping these relics is a part-time or Zhuanchai, can not even get into the permanent silver. However, when we have information that Wang Daoshi sometimes still go out alms. He had to live. Wang Zonghan picking away Cangjing Dong scroll, may also be more than once. Governor paid too, do not make sport of the gentry? Gentry paid too, dealers do not make sport? During this period, is about the loss of a lot.
Comment on the loss of this heritage Cangjing Dong posterity koan, the most hated is that foreigners, most blame is Wangdao Shi!
Lu Wang Daoshi famous garden, said to be, Hubei macheng Ren Shi. Origin greedy cheap, served as soldiers, demobilization issued after the beam has done a Taoist priest. I've seen him a legacy of the photo world: Wang Daoshi sitting, hands on knees, upper body forward, hoarse face full of frustration. There are two characters in this picture, one is the most Brits stole Cangjing Dong Heritage Stein and the other is his bastard advisers, the Chinese Chiang Hsiao-Wan. Stein is not Chinese, Chinese culture textual lack knowledge, not Chiang Hsiao-wan, he understands Gesha Stein! Stein with Chinese-style jacket robe Guapi Mao, a glance, turned out to be Zeimeishuyan guy. Both men were standing on Wang Daoshi behind. Wang Daoshi position slightly cold, by the courtesy of foreigners, presumably will be very Book Of Disquietude bar. Moreover, these foreigners in Dunhuang, when the Ting Ming official Wang magistrate, Lin Participation will still invite him to dinner, respectful welcome and send off it!
In 1902, the International Conference on Oriental Studies, held in Hamburg, Germany. At the meeting, the Dunhuang was in 1879 in-depth study of the Hungarian Geographical Society Qi, president of Locke, the report of the Dunhuang Buddhist art of the glory, so that foreign people together tempted. Stein was even more ambitious big time, in 1907 came to Dunhuang, so years, and in 1914, has made off with artifacts Cangjing Dong 16000. Tami deal "fair", he always gave the Cang Jingdong Wang Daoshi custodians of some silver.
Stein Nasi After the second visit to the Mogao Grottoes is very proud to write the "Stein Serindia", the right Wang Daoshi have described. The book says that Wang Daoshi very grateful, again with great pride Strip Stein visited for the first time after another seven years will be repaired within the new temples, guest houses and stables, planted flowers and plants everywhere. Wang Daoshi wronged told Sri Lanka, in 1910 Cangjing Dong examination paper with solutions of Beijing, the Central Government has allotted bonus, but have been deducted from top to bottom Guanfu light of, but added he relied on Stein's horseshoe silver, only repair of the content. Wang Daoshi of integrity failure by him in 1907 that transaction as a transaction, but to Sri Lanka to his merit as a silver horseshoe money recorded in the books, and to produce books merit to see Stein.
Wang Daoshi died in 1931, Shou enjoy unknown. From his discovery Cangjing Dong to his death in 31 years, many things I am afraid that all do not understand him to death. He did not know those pieces of paper, silk sheet Zehui so valuable? He could not understand why foreigners are willing to out the shining white of the silver, his superiors had refused out? He did not know found Cangjing Dong, he had a newspaper, although Guanfu sealed up and down saying, Xie department, but why not until 1910, that is, 10 years later, the court of its hidden away until things? If he knows that after 100 the next year, foreigners always take along with future generations curse Wang Daoshi, he does not even understand, even in anger and litigation to defend the rights or reputations of their own do ---- This Zenmo be able to blame me?
Wang Daoshi do not know the difficulties of the court. 1911, Xuantong abdication, it must have 10 years prior to the court a certain home and less abroad, which is also what the Ku won calligraphy, scripture it? However, the court can not shirk, is the value of Dunhuang Cangjing Dong heritage, he was there from the foreigners have learned.
Stein first came to China after 1909, the French also came to Dunhuang, Pelliot, who is also Ben Zhao Cang Jingdong's heritage come. However, he Bustin due to more favorable conditions: He is fluent in Chinese, and China's archaeological sympathetically, which is not even Stein had to gasp in admiration: He chose a lot of really fine. Is the officer dealing with life are not life officer, their own heritage are not their own Wangdao Shi, as long as he say a love of ancient Chinese culture, respect for the monks of the class, good things, and then merit some silver, they also can do anything to get the right Wangdao Shi The examination paper. He not only got, but also because of more superior Bustin to enter into Cang Jingdong-ri, carefully selected, select all of which are experts in the eyes of the boutique.
Paul Pelliot took 6000, Shun Guan Dao transported to Beijing, that is, under the eyes of the emperor. I do not know the motive, in Beijing, he also mounted a part of them, and in six countries organized an exhibition hotel! This is not an exhibition, the Chinese authorities do not know Cangjing Dong heritage of the original such a treasure or a mile, do not worry shipped out from the rest of the Dunhuang treasure mile! The Chinese people also know the school unearthed in Dunhuang, a large number of them have the supreme value of historical data. They fried the pot, have called on the emperor hastened to the light, and finally led to a faculty made a "Tokibe" order. This is so although Huo Ji Tao, slow, or in the second year of Dunhuang County, Hualahuala, the remaining 6, 7000 departure to Beijing. Some data indicate that along the way, and to Beijing, but also lost a lot.
Cangjing Dong birth heritage, about fifty or sixty thousand pieces of Stein, Pelliot and, Eren Ople Luqie Fu, Ke medicine Love, a Japanese orange Ruichao, Yoshikawa Koichiro Man Pirates of the thousand, in 1905 ~ 1915 This decade has made off with about 31000 objects Cangjing Dong, Beijing, China, libraries and museums around the deposit 10000. Ju lost the rest of civil society. Even if the foreigners looted, domestic existing, of which there are some from the private acquisition.
Stein Nasi Dunhuang again in 1914 when had to clean up the battlefield come. He also saw his old friend Wang Daoshi. From the sweeping sweep out a Cangjing Dong Wang Daoshi pm, the time has passed more than ten years, and now the Qing also changed the republic. Republicans, giving the somewhat Stein began to worry about, but he soon found in the Dunhuang simply do not see any change, he thought it "may be inert role", so calm down. Wang Daoshi also become senile but more of the Road. A few words to talk down the hands of Wang Daoshi Si Na Si has been shown that there are goods, and are anxiously awaiting shot. He spent the 500 taels of silver, it will be the last batch of Cangjing Dong bought the full examination paper. Examination paper is the solution of these four years ago, department, Wang Daoshi Touzhe stay. He seems to have been waiting for Stein.
Cangjing Dong empty. Wang Daoshi fear more than a decade, taking into account security and comfort, dried up, and now is finally unloaded of responsibility. Since then, do not see a historical re-recorded his whereabouts, but he has lived for 10 years. The last ten years, he looked at him with those who break the film of paper, silk Cave No. 17 film in return before the new house must be very welcome. Dr. Stein, he was regardless of the house of his ridicule those who do, what "full of huge and vulgar, the color of the clay like" to him!
Chinese scholars, the first loss of an Cangjing Dong heritage to respond when a Luo Zhenyu, he saw the exhibition in Beijing Pelliot wrote "Dunhuang Grottoes bibliography and discovered the original" shock caused by the academic community . Since then, like Wang Guowei, Chen Yinque and many other scholars have written writings, out of Japan, Britain and other countries of the Library of copying extensively Dunhuang relics, to push the Government to strengthen the protection of cultural relics of Dunhuang ... ... who had never heard of them After the robbery to buy back scattered Dunhuang folk Cangjing Dong heritage, that for a while, a lot of such transactions, in 1914 Stein purchased through this channel a lot of it. As to the Mogao Caves to the field Chakan, and may also be more than 30 years after the matter anymore. It also can not blame them, the Chinese literati, moving her mouth without hands, let alone had never been seen, China is engaged in the Northern Expedition, Chiang Feng Yan war, Communist struggle, resistance, hurried retreat, nor safe ah.
Therefore, the matter lost Cangjing Dong Baby, let's just forget these odd Wang Daoshi of. He was an illiterate person, not to mention Tibet, the Vatican, in Khotan, Kucha these words, even the Chinese language just could not wholeness, let him to assume full responsibility for the loss of David were afraid evade suspicion. In fact, the country people are the Kuizuo: Stein, Pelliot and those scholars, then came all the way are all willing to pay, are willing to death-defying, Bibi, not sad Mody?
Author: pious