This is a hoary, covered thing of the past of traffic. 2 measurement is an edge of the Gobi Desert boundless, from time to time in the longer distance can be drifted Mengmeng to catch a glimpse of the rolling hills. Squeeze the open road, watch intently the flow of passing on the road, vehicles, camel team and flies away times. Is a thousand years or several thousand years, stepped out of the road do not know. Numerous bright red sunrise and numerous pale rose, in the road over the weave a bright ribbons, and the trail up and down shine.
Poor, its bedrock, the earliest footprints can Anecdotes to the ancestors from the East. At that time, the activities for the early settlers in the river basin, the West is a dream of fairyland, the Western Regions is difficult to set foot in the desert mountains mortal, and that the road to the west, is one who also said that the mystery is not clear. So by the imagination and worship style to come out, a team of heroes. They were like braggadocio, as the East China Sea from sunrise to chase down the Kunlun. Legend of our ancestors once the Yellow Emperor Huangdi, "involving quicksand, posted on the Kunlun Mountains." Yaodi than ancestors, not only to the Kunlun Mountains, and across the Kunlun Mountains to the west of the Congling Kameyama, met the Queen Mother of the West. Dayu flood control have also gone to the Western Regions discern the flow of the water police mountain view. In today's preserved, "the King Mu Biography", the detailed records of King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty over driving 8-jun, travel into the West, crossing the Pamirs to arrive at today's situation in the Kyrgyz steppe.
In order to meet the long-Dunhuang admire, we rode the "Desert workers" off-road Jeep galloped along the ancient road in the Hexi Corridor, hot and boring. A bundle from the roadside as the car Hongliu howling blast set off by shaking. A careful observation of occasional small lizards can see 12 in the sand between the haunt. All the way roaming, across a few miles on the road you can see a quiet warmth of the Feng Sui, in the Gobi Desert is particularly earth-shattering. At any time they can see the "crawl" over the Han Great Wall. Dubbed the "Great Wall" actually it is certainly not the majestic "Land Wai child", similar to stem-base hit. I do not know how much experience of the Spring and Autumn, walls decadent wilt, as early as in not a shape, then off the "crawl", and something like a difficult history, sigh, languid and lingering.
Oh yes, do not overlook the highway commission abandoned the loess is precisely that it complained Avenue brilliant, since the Qin and Han Dynasties before. Once upon a time, the Huns are knocking at Zuhr the Western Regions sudden the earth. The Mule defended by the invincible nation, like the wind swept through the Hexi Corridor, north-south and the Pamirs to the west of Tianshan large tracts of land. Trail is no longer calm.
202 BC, the Hun leader Mao Dun Chanyu Taiyuan offensive of Henan. Statehood not sure of the Han emperor Liu Bang lead a 320,000 strong army against, do not want to single-handedly in-depth, was trapped in Shanxi Pingcheng white mountain seven days and nights, nearly died. Han Wu Di Liu Che to the throne, and in order to ensure the safety of Chang'an and the stability of the regime, the country is still Pingxi politicians, he sent Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions. Li do dangerous 13 years. Zhang Qian did not disgrace Jun Ming, the output of the Central Plains culture, and do a good job of deception by the Huns unrepentant country and brought back a lot of native Western Regions. BC 123 years, Zhang Qian Weiqing expedition with the generals, large main break Hun, Feng Hou Bowang as Silk Road opened to do a big hero. BC 121 years, the young generals Huo Qubing again dispatches troops to Ha Tay, wiping out the Xiongnu nine thousand people, and then with the depth of Henan Weiqing Mobei, three broken Huns, Binh Dinh Western Regions. Zhang Qian's mission once again ordered to the Western Regions, and sent Fushi arrive at today's Afghanistan, Iran, India and other places, major exchanges opened the Silk Road East and West.
111 BC, the Han Dynasty set up in the Hexi Corridor, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang in four counties, but also Jianyang customs, yumenguan 2 border. The name of four counties in the Tri-County were swagger, Zhang arm tuck, wine pour spring means Akira reveals hanwu defeat the Huns, in defense of territory performance. Then, "Dunhuang", what does that mean? Divergent paper, according to Han Ying Shao explained: "don, big him; Huang, Sheng also." Visible, to teach early-huang is the Han Dynasty capital of Chang'an to build the throat leading to the Western Regions to land, but also the Western Regions South Road, North Road, New North Road, 3 to enter the pool of the mainland of China hekou, then exit the entry westbound, to here about to enter the woods for the material and spiritual well-prepared, while the immigrants, all the way Lawton, it is necessary for longer-term open, the expedition with the Huns, the Dunhuang materials depot is Han, the Han Dynasty and the pro, marrying men Wusun fine-Jun and bereavement as a princess to Dunhuang home away from home, while an audience with Emperor Han the Kucha Ms. Wang Ji , one look just like a boarding Han dynasty Dunhuang towards the door, Dunhuang Xu also become visible, the disgrace officials and sons Homecoming symbol. Toubicongrong superstar Ban Chao, Xu risk one's life in the Western side of 31 years, AD 100, he wrote to that old so-yin, say, "Chen Yongquan not beheld County, I hope their students yumenguan" and Zhuang, a sincere patriots heart touching heart and lung.
Hexi Road is one wave after another river. Years of such an unsatisfactory, and one had blood flowing fire, catastrophe, but also flying over the idyllic harmony, these four counties like parking Zhou Ji of the port, storing a regime change driving the wonderful lens, Homo habilis interesting happens, Shi NGS, and the arts of religion. ..... Now, from the Wuwei to Zhangye, Jiuquan to Dunhuang from the ubiquitous full of rich history and culture of the atmosphere, the source then shone with the rheology of their respective Guanghua.
AD 400, the prefect Li pole set up in Dunhuang Xiliang regime. He expanded territory, re-nong sang, advocated culture and education, a large number of Central Plains literati came to Dunhuang, calligraphy and painting through the study of all the achievements. As of the most cutting-edge East-West exchange Trail Dunhuang, the first pass came into contact with Buddhism from India. Frequent fighting, miserable, people will seek an urgent thought. And Buddhism, "Purdue creatures" and doctrine of the middle of the public wish, since the Dunhuang Buddhist Tai Hing, emergence of the "village of dock-phase is more a pagoda," the scene. Thus, in this busy border city in the ancient, stretching over a thousand years to create that shocked the world, "Grottoes" miracle! People started in the "Dunhuang" behind the word to see a flying competing dance, clouds twisted around, poke born paradise. On the Silk Road Dunhuang became a huge pearl light red bull.
The evening, our "Desert King" burst into the city of Dunhuang, the rise overlooking the south-east, we saw over Sanweishan Yunxia vapor, with the wind blowing and silk string Ancient Music rains. Everyone without exception Terror: Is Mo high gods, really down-being of spirit appeared and it?
Days will dawn, we were Han Qi Ji Pi, drowsily on the floor of the car, rushed to the city, 25 kilometers southeast of the Mogao Grottoes. Because many people visit, to late, not only to long lines, you urged me to hurry to see could not see well. In this, there are already three or four cars were driven in front of us had.
Over a layer of autumn chill in the Hexi Corridor of Liang Qi, but the early morning sun is still golden, soft light scatter on the arch, nine-story buildings and a long cliff, the more and more solemn Fanchu grand stern uprightness Mogao Grottoes to make people look at the car had stopped laughing, awe.
Wang "Mo High", want to "Mo High", or "Mo High", or Yue Mo with the desert, was built in the desert above; Or we can say who built the German, Mo has its high. Divergent views. However, looking up this beautiful vast project, word of a speech, did not dare call it superb.
This is a rare desert valley. North-south and west Mingsha the east, Sanweishan, during the cold out of the vicinity of the ancient Sutlej nourished a vibrant oasis.
Into the ravine, one can see in the dug out Mingsha rows of cliff caves, large and small, meandering stretches over more than 1.6 thousand meters. This is the one with a more than 1000 years old, still breathing art gallery. Each cave, each style has a long story. The excavated cave dates back to the earliest dating back before 1630.
Jin Tai Wo first year of the Former Qin had Caine Jianyuan 2 years (366 AD), a man named Le bottles of monks, one evening walked into this valley, we saw three golden hills 10000 Guatemala, "Zhuangruo terra." Le bottles immediately throwing himself to the ground and prayed vows, commitment alms Sanweishan opposite the opening in the cave, day and night Ying Feng Shen Zhi. A few years later, the East to the French-liang Zen Master to open in a cave near the second cave. Since then, the people for the sake of the gods Youfu, have built on this piece of blessed stone quarry caves, or single building, or joint venture, to form wishes.
Common Mogao Caves, into the cave since the 16 States Former Qin Shi begins, after the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Uighur, Western Xia and Yuan dynasties 11, up to over a thousand years. Among them, Tang height, according to legend that time had "Kukan thousand."
This in itself is a Kuangshi miracle. In China, the Great Wall, it is official, Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are second to none, our venerable monuments, but they built in a certain dynasty, but that after the millennium as the Mogao Grottoes continuous development, preservation of 11 dynasties in history and culture the essence of art and monuments, not only in China, is also unique in the world.
Mogao Cave art from the buildings, statues and murals of three parts. The central subject is the statue. 492 caves are preserved, mural painting more than 45,000 square meters, more than 2,500 top-like body, Tang and Song Dynasties caves eaves timber-framed buildings 5. Mural includes Buddhist Jataka, the Buddha biography, by the change in support patterns such as painting and architecture. Color statue of a Buddha, Bodhisattva, disciple, king, wrestlers and so on, works reflecting our country from the 6th century to the 14th century, some of the social of life and ages the development of plastic arts. There are 1900 identified five thousand volumes, "Dunhuang." Cultural treasures of this grand 20th century, mankind has been recognized as a great discovery.
We waited patiently in front of the Mogao Grottoes. Mind cranky, guess which Zuozuo hiding in a secret cave. Groups of different age groups of Japanese tourists looked solemnly to clear the pack, wearing headlamps. Here due to power without any photographic equipment must not be allowed entry only with a class of small light flashlight watch, listen to tour guides tell. To give up belongings, Qingshenjianfei entry, and this is really a little taste of pilgrimage.
We are honored by the distinguished guests were greeted by the reception area and Ma Zhuren himself to our tour guide, explained. Half a day's time, we looked nervously up and down 13 super Cave. The magnificent cave with maro insightful and lively talk, so that we forget two things I was beautiful "flying" into a different kind of world. , Where the gods activation, markets clamor Ran, linking heaven and earth together, evolution, is an honestly good and punishing evil stories and Buddha depicted in paradise bliss. The injection eyes, hit the heart and soul touch people the message that age Xing 1 piece, ranging from painted sculptures, frescoes and ancient buildings, is a believer in that era, architecture and artists with years of efforts and ideal enchant out one by one live life. This is really strange scenes, strange dialogue, as long as you enter a dark cave, a bright flashlight, it will immediately hear their endless complaining. Attention grabbing my God, there is more than surprised. This is not the horror that fabulous atmosphere, but to lament modern people impressed by the intelligent perseverance of our ancestors, can escape through time and space into the heart language of the statue placed in the re-transmission and durable. The East, is where the sun rises. The road leading to the West, the Sun God created the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, for small Huanqiu Leiqi another insurmountable heights. Cave No. 16 opened the door, and we fall into that sad story.
June 2, 1900 (lunar calendar May 26) morning to preside over the Mogao Grottoes of the Taoist Wang Yuan basket is still as in Hubei Macheng home when the farmers, as dawn onwards, sweep the courtyard. When he was cleaning the eye of an ax to commemorate Hong Tang Mingseng little shadow church, the inside side walls howling a move, Chen Sha backward, cracking out a seam, which was actually a room full of all kinds of complex objects. After the first shock Wangdao Shi-xi, Bakai soil rehabilitation room brick wall, turn sorting artifacts, which filled with the original scriptures, ancient books, instruments, Buddha statues, Buddhist implements, silk weaving, painting and other artifacts. Their number, content-rich, was not clear, it was estimated that a total of four, 50,000 kinds.
Sun and Moon are often, God's unfathomable. Who could not think of the beginning of this century, such a shock the world of archaeological discovery, actually occurred in China's western Gansu desolate sandbank in a very ordinary, but the Wang Daoshi body.
Turn pick artifacts, this is now known as the "Dunhuang" contains Calendar, the earliest 359 AD, the latest in 1196 AD. It has crossed the 16 States, the Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Northern Song, Southern Song, and gold 837 years, the literature, the text types among a large number of Chinese language, there are a significant number of Tibetan text, Uighur, Turkic, Yutian text, Syriac, Tangut, and a small amount of Lu, Sanskrit, Sogdian text, Mongolian and so on, "suicide note" the contents of the very rich, there are the traditional "four" classics, Buddhism, Taoism, Nestorianism, Manichaeism of religious literature, as well as by the local ancient Chi, household registration, account books, deeds volumes, letter Kai, table-like, music, dance spectrum, astronomy, calendar, arithmetic books, similar books, word books, Rhyming Dictionary, house classics, reference books, medical books, medicine books, change the text, fiction, Poetry and Rhapsody, Quci, biography, travels , Practical Fan as well as some hard to classify a strange literature.
This vast and complex Li-year long history of literature concerning the medieval period of Chinese politics, economy, religion, philosophy, literature, history, geography, music, dance, science, applied technology, ethnic relations and exchanges between Chinese and Western, ethnic customs, school education, language, phonology, and other ancient collated. "Dunhuang" precious. It provides a specific kind of vivid and elaborate social living.
However, when Wang 10, and do not understand them, he just short of money. He could not understand cave in colorful murals and painted sculptures Graceful of the Buddha, as early as has white painted walls, painting the murals, and smashed a number of statues and replace him someone to Duisu's Fearless, Ling Guan of the class Taoist statues. "This may be God's reward," so he picked up a few pieces, "valuable" things, the report went to town, hoping to change some money. Then the magistrate Wang Zonghan know that this is a number of valuable cultural relics, we obtain a number of instruments and by volume. Gansu Xuezheng stone YE Chang-Chi is a scientist, naturally understand its value, but also from the hands of Wang Daoshi did you get some fine. He suggested that these artifacts Fantai transported to the provincial capital custody, but Fantai to freight too much ground to shirk no matter. So Cang Jingdong Wang Daoshi into the pockets. Take a few pieces to send Jin Er officer morrow to take a few samples sent to the government, but anxiously hope that fishing for a few coins Flower.
Then north on the Qing dynasty was caught in a raging fire among the Boxers, can hardly protect themselves, how can the discovery of the Dunhuang Xian Xin taken into account, however, foreign powers did not nap. They began to send warships to match that of Beijing and Tianjin, the other side to send the "culture" Commissioner not to give way far from dangerous, regardless of life and death, competing Gordon Road, directly toward the Dunhuang, snatch when seki Bao.
October 1905, the Russians stole a large number of instruments by the Boao Luqie Fu Volume 1907, March for the British services, Aurel Stein was stolen by the volume of the 24 large box, 500 pieces of Buddhist statues, Juan Hua , in July 1908, Frenchman Paul Pelliot and the theft of more than 6000 volumes of writing and the picture, and shoot hundreds of photos, in October 1911, the Japanese Koichiro Yoshikawa and orange Ruichao took more than 300 volumes of blood to write books and 2 Tang Dynasty painted sculpture, in 1914 Stein second visit to the Mogao Grottoes, once again stole more than 600 volumes upon volumes of the same year, the Russians stole a large number of E Goldenberg testament and a number of murals, painted sculptures .... ..
Foreign culture unscrupulous thieves plundering the indignation caused by people across the country. In 1910 the Qing government was forced patriotic scholars have repeatedly called for only after the remaining funds for robbery more than 8,000 volumes transported to Beijing cultural relics, collected in libraries in the capital at the time. In transport and storing of having lost a lot. Thousand-Buddha Grottoes have been ransacked, however, had not yet calm.
In 1922, Belarus officers with wide-fu A rate of 500 people fleeing into the remnants of Thousand Buddha Caves, robbery and destruction suffered serious losses. In 1924, the American Langdon Warner, see nothing to kin, then stick with chemical peeling tape 36 side wall paintings, including the very expensive first 323 Chinese cave paintings, "Zhang Qian Ying Western Region Gold Buddha" map, but also stole 328 of Cave of the most exquisite Tang Dynasty painted sculpture kneeling Buddha and other statues. Langdon Warner the next year in the United States Embassy First Secretary Bell's plan, the collar to see his students and two carriage tape plunder, intended to turn the first segment 285 cave murals peel away when he was angry from the people of Gansu boom of the back.
History has never heartless, it is in preserving memories while also hosting a shameless scandal. This is justice in history, and her warning the public will see the role of future generations. When we spend huge sums of money from other countries today, the museum bought stolen microfilm documents, rake "culture bandits" were written by various Adventures, as well as "Thousand Buddha Caves of Dunhuang" and other monographs, when my mind is how the taste of it, Visit 16 caves, people naturally castigated Wangdao Shi. However, Wang Daoshi hateful, but also pathetic. A bit of money in front of foreigners, his greed, boundless treasures in the cave in front of his ignorance. Ignorance is not always shameless. How can stamp their feet to go to beat their chests, he denounced it, out of the Thousand Buddha Caves, I think of this story, we have only sorrow, I hope this tragedy does not recur after a new grief.
Mogao Caves near St. Paul, there is a row of huge sums of money for the protection of qianfodong who donated the memorial gallery, including the Hong Kong Run Run Shaw, Japan's Ikuo Hirayama, Daisaku Ikeda, Kimura Sukeyoshi, Yamaguchi Setsuko and other celebrities. A man named Ochi good woven Japanese girl. She served the University of Arts and Faculty of the Japanese students. School, she had made a special trip to visit the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, after the visit, she was very excited and said: "such an important ancient relics ever damaged, a pity. These monuments not only belong to China, is also a valuable treasure of mankind. If protecting , be nice ah! "she determined to come to China to study. Unfortunately, a car accident in 1984, she was killed. Her parents to comply with her wishes, to prepare to send her to China to study in the full-donated 2 million yen Dunhuang Academy.
Japan places great importance on Dunhuang, think it is a source of culture they seek. During a visit to the Mogao Grottoes, they viewed with all seriousness, listening, recording, ask ourselves, quietly answered solving, access to interpret and solace. One old woman, who had visited 158 caves in the Tang Dynasty, when Nirvana fanny Ge as the face of serenity calm Wofo, she sat on the floor more than a long cry, until the pine in the deposition of the depressed diarrhea every node only reluctantly left .
We are "flying" in future generations, should have more than their predecessors as, worthy of the Mogao Grottoes, worthy descendants. This worthy, the first from the bottom of the past when the well-known and reflection. Face up to history, the remembering what and how to answer, the Mogao Grottoes are can be used as a mirror. Leaving aside that it is the religious, artistic content, look at the evolution of their generation, the Mogao Grottoes is what we search for life, values, social orientation of the treasure.
More than a thousand years ago, one morning, poets, artists, musicians bid farewell to a good friend in Xianyang Wang Wei Yuan 2, ambassador to Anxi. Do not love Yiyi, prospects and fog, Wang Wei to ultra-long break to write the frame of mind dangerous, insidious, and singing out an immortal "Yang Guan Song", "depressing dust, Weicheng Zhao Yu, guest houses green Green is the Willow. To persuade more to make a cup of jun wine, and west, Yang Guan unreasonably people. "
Singing constantly repeated over and over again, his best from the situation Biexu the subtle, leaving a performance of "Yangguansandie."
Yang Guan, located 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City, west of South Lake Township. The frescos in the Mogao Caves text stories and left the park crossing is often said programs. Even today, people's spoken language there also to stay, "Yang Guan Road" - the word. Can be seen, "Yang Guan" has always been a slight soul's thrown a wrench into the soul-related, so people come to Dunhuang, the total tourism to busy Yang Guan, though not necessarily to go west.
States have been drier than usual dry sand, we went to Yang on his way off but it began to rain. The deep south do not like, nor the North forthright. That rain intermittent, clearly in vain. But the rain stops, the road is still dry and cool. South Lake Township fruit harvest, a sweet wine rack crystal beauty incense and tells the people asking the Western Regions in the end how much more attractive charming it?
Car to Yang Guan, but could not Yang Guan, only one monument that read "Yang off site." But immediately, the vast expanse of undulating desert, into the eyes, crashed into mind, sparking waves bottomless. 1:00 history, the modern-like-like complex, New Zealand, a long chain of synthetic, stretch from the foot of the distant sky and tells the people sigh.
Sand beam at the end of Pier Hill stands an ancient Feng Sui. It is 4.7 meters high residue is added with the adobe built into the reeds. In the desert, it is like a meditation written for the old Rinpu overlooking the foot of the desert and the distant oasis. Some people think that this is the "Yang Guan", other say not. No one proved to be or not.
"In the Yuan and county County" records "Yang Guan", in the county (Shouchang) West six years. To the south of the Habitat yumenguan, Gu Yue-yang Guan. The Han Dynasty set also, that the South Road, West Fun Shanshan, Yarkand, Hou Wei Yang Guan County, try this home, Zhou waste. "
Interestingly, in the Shouchang sites north and east of the city, and Yang Feng Sui Guan ancient sand dunes adjacent to a scattered look at a lot of "antique." You were always so far in this piece called "antique Beach" and gravel found in the ancient brick, pottery, ancient coins, arrowheads, copper ornaments, seals, production tools and other removal from the Han Dynasty to the Song objects. Is also common to the black and white round flat stones of varying sizes. According to the Mogao Grottoes Cangjing Dong suicide note in the "topography" record: Tang, Sha annual state contribution of 20 Go to the court the child. Go here for possible misappropriation of origin is the time.
Windy in. Huge volumes of dust and smoke to the sky, "Yang Guan" hidden people into chaos. We quickly ran into the car, return to Dunhuang.
The car, I have fallen into a dream, as if through the Jade Gate to continue along the trail are forced into the Western Regions. But I am unable to westbound, because there are so many Mogao caves there is no forward, hanging spring home Han Dynasty unearthed in 15000 have to tell what the Mingsha Mountain Crescent Moon to build a singular landscape is difficult to guess how a mystery; Today, there are Pegasus galloping Ak Wa traces of pool do, there are many, such as the stars of the tomb of Dunhuang, the ancient caves, ancient trail, the ancient battlefield ... ... and today's vigorous vitality of the Dunhuang people a better life. I miss intimacy.
Dream, this desire to further knowledge of Dunhuang Xianghuoyiyang barbecue with my heart. I have repeatedly police find themselves lost in Dunhuang and the harvest. Although this is just hitting the spring of Chu Shi ripples lap pool, but I believe: Dunhuang will always be my heart a song Changbu Wan.
Author: sky200
